Efeito do dentifrício fluoretado na incidência de cárie na dentição decídua e fluorose na dentição permanente: revisões sistemáticas e metanálises

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Ana Paula Pires dos
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/4573
• topic: Dental caries; Fluorosis dental; Primary dentition; Permanent dentition; Review; Meta-Analysis; Cárie dentária; Fluorose dentária; Dentição primária; Dentição permanente; Revisão; Metanálise; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA::EPIDEMIOLOGIA

Despite the well established anti-caries effect of fluoride toothpaste in the permanent dentition, there is a gap in the knowledge reagarding its effect on the primary dentition; there is no consensus on the optimal fluoride concentration in toothpaste capable of maximizing the anti-caries benefits in the primary dentition and simultaneously minimizing the risk of clinically relevant fluorosis in the permanent dentition. Paper 1 of this thesis assessed the effects of low (less than 600 ppm) and standard (1000 to 1500 ppm) fluoride toothpastes compared to placebo or no intervention, whereas paper 2 compared directly the effects of low and standard fluoride toothpastes. A systematic review of randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials was carried out. Two examiners independently read 1932 abstracts or citations and 159 full-text articles. Disagreements were solved by a third examiner. Eight studies were included in paper 1 and five in paper 2. Pooled prevented fractions (PF) and relative risks (RR) were estimated in order to assess the effects of fluoride toothpastes on the number of decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth and dental surfaces, and on the number of children developing caries and fluorosis, respectively. When standard fluoride toothpastes were compared to placebo or no intervention, significant caries reductions were observed at surface (PF= 31%; 95% CI 18 - 43), tooth (PF= 16%; 95% CI 7 - 24) and individual (RR= 0.86; 95% CI 0.81 - 0.93) level. When low fluoride toothpastes were compared to no intervention, significant caries reduction was observed only at surface level (PF= 40%; 95% CI 5 - 75) (paper 1). Low fluoride toothpastes, compared directly to standard fluoride toothpastes, significantly increased the risk of caries in primary dentition (RR= 1.13; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.20) and did not significantly reduce the risk of clinically relevant fluorosis in upper permanent anterior teeth (RR= 0.32; 95% CI 0.03 - 2.97). There was a significant caries reduction at tooth level when standard fluoride toothpastes were compared to low fluoride toothpastes (FP= 14%; 95% CI 6 - 21). However, at surface level, no significant difference was observed, even though there was a tendency favouring standard fluoride toothpastes with neutral pH (PF= 13%; 95% CI -4 - 30) and low fluoride toothpastes with acidic pH (PF= -5%; 95% CI -22 - 11) (paper 2). Standard fluoride toothpastes were more effective in reducing caries in the primary dentition of preschool children than low fluoride toothpastes, placebo or no intervention. Standard fluoride toothpastes, when compared to low fluoride toothpastes, did not significantly increase the risk of clinically relevant fluorosis in upper permanet anterior teeth. Further research is necessary to confirm whether the reduction in the pH of low fluoride toothpastes might be an alternative to increase the anti-caries effects and to reduce the risk of clinically relevant fluorosis.