Próteses obturadoras para pacientes maxilarectomizados: estado atual da tecnologia e necessidades de aprimoramentos

• Autor(a) principal: Sá, Sonia Perez de
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/4441
• topic: Maxillar; Palatal obturator; Maxillofacial; Oral cancer; Health Technology Assessment; Maxilar; Prótese maxilo-facial; Câncer oral; Avaliação em Tecnologias de Saúde; Tecnologia reabilitadora; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

Patients with oral-nasal connection due to the absence or extirpation of the maxilla need a prosthetic obturator for esthetical reasons, to restore function, and to partially regain the lost quality of life. This technology has evolved in the course of many centuries in conjunction with the improvement in manufacturing techniques and odontological materials that play a role in the elaboration and design of more efficient obturators, especially regarding their adaptation. This technology is exceedingly dependent on the mastery of laboratorial methods as well as specific skills in the art of facial reconstruction because its confection is artisanal, personalized, and customized. The existence and distribution of suitable human resources are an evident obstacle to the evenly access to this technology. The aim of this work was to scrutinize the state of the art regarding different moulding and manufacturing techniques of prosthetic obturators employed in the rehabilitation process of maxillectomized patients, intending to make a contribution for its improvement. This theoretical-exploratory study used two complementary methodological instruments. One was a broad review of the national and international scientific literature published as articles, doctoral thesis and dissertations, utilizing different bibliographical databases: MEDLINE, BBO, LILACS, SCIELO, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (Virtual Health Library), and The Cochrane Collaboration, as well as the doctoral thesis and dissertations included in the CAPES database - Base Thesis and Digital Library of thesis and dissertations, from the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology. The other methodological instrument focused on the investigation of the main reasons for the restricted access of patients to prosthetic obturators in our country the lack of expert human resources trying to identify the centers of excellence and development in this specific area using the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) of the Ministry of Education and of the Federal Council of Odontology, as well as the number of dedicated technicians making bucomaxillofacial prosthesis and dental prosthesis in our national territory by consulting the Federal Council of Odontology. The results allowed the construction of a historical frame of the technological development of these prosthesis from the very first obturators manufactured with natural materials. Different types of obturators are presented and discussed, along with the many techniques and the various materials employed. Their specific benefits for the rehabilitation process are also discussed, in particular the impact in quality of life associated with its specific use. Obstacles to the further development and implementation of the rehabilitation technology are also examined. The availability and regional distribution of qualified personnel reveal a remarkable shortage of human resources and its overwhelming concentration to the Southeast region, particularly the Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo area. There are a negligible number of centers for preparing technicians and offering post graduation opportunities. Furthermore, there are centers being deactivated due to the lack of demand. This data demonstrates the striking difficulties in making this technology more evenly available throughout the national territory as a result of the lack of incentive for education and research