Análise da eficiência do controle químico de Artocarpus heterophyllus e avaliação ecotoxicológica do solo no Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande, RJ

• Autor(a) principal: Gaspar, Marcela Caroline Pantoja
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17523
• topic: Controle químico; Jaqueiras; Tricoplir; Ecotoxicologia; Minhocas; Artocarpus; Ilha Grande, Baía da (RJ); Ecossistemas; Impacto ambiental; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

The control of alien species invasive is an important tool for biodiversity management in official protected areas. Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae), is an invasive alien species that was introduced in Brazil in the colonial period and is in high densities in the Ilha Grande State Park, Rio de Janeiro State. The attempts control of this species are directed to mechanical control techniques (annealing), cut the stem and subsequent herbicide application at the base of the stump and uprooting seedlings. The use of chemical control using injection triclopyr herbicide (active substance) applied on its trunk was previously tested at low dosages, showing still low efficiency, however more advantageous than the physical control (annealing). The objective of this research was test a new dosage of the active ingredient triclopyr in order to get a better efficiency in the control of A. heterophyllus in Ilha Grande and evaluate if there was impact on soil macrofauna. We used the earthworm Eisenia andrei as soil quality bioindicator through avoindance tests, acute and chronic toxicity with soil removed from the target species of the control object area. We injected the Garlon® herbicide diluted to 6 and 8% in the jackfruit tree trunk with DBH _10 cm. The jackfruit showed average DBH of 27.8 ± 10.5 cm and average stem height (ground to the first bifurcation) of 7.5 ± 3.4 m. The average slope of the land where individuals were averaged 5º with amplitude between 0º and 35º. The results showed that the dosage of 6% of Triclopyr diluted in water is sufficient for success in specie control with DBH _10 cm. After 310 days, both dosages did not differ significantly in the phytosanitary state of death. The results demonstrate that there is no correlation between the efficiency of the dosage compared to the DAP and individual slope location. The effectiveness of the product ranged between 93.5 and 100%. The ecotoxicological evaluation of the soil showed that the bio-indicator did not show any signs of visual intoxication, behaviour or reproducing after being subjected to high and low dosage used in the individuals on the tests. Although the assessment of a single species can not be fully representative for checking the availability of a contaminant in the environment, the results of this study indicate the use of a new method of controlling the jackfruit.