Barra da Tijuca: para onde corre o Rio. Conflitos e contradições da expansão urbana imobiliária

• Autor(a) principal: Barbosa, álvaro Carlos Ramos
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/9782
• topic: Barra da Tijuca; Right to the City; Right of Housing; Urban Entrepreneurship; Spacial Segregation; Urbanization; Barra da Tijuca; Direito à Cidade; Direito de Moradia; Empreendedorismo Urbano; Segregação Espacial; Urbanização; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO

The general aim of this research was to analyze the urban expansion of Rio de Janeiro towards the Barra da Tijuca5 region aiming at giving instructions for a better popular participation in such a process, according to the city´s present legislation, more specifically the Federal Law by number 10.257/2001, better known as Estatuto da Cidade. This process has been happening since back the 1960`s, when there was an interest of the so-called Guanabara s city-state to expand towards the plains of Barra da Tijuca and Jacarepaguá, building a road that would link the downtown area to the Port of Sepetiba. This was a movement that aimed at developing the economy of the city which had been strongly affected by the transfer of the federal district from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia city. Since then one has tried to stimulate the real estate market by decentralizing its urbanization, once the South Zone was completely exhausted. Besides, that very sensitive moment of self-assurance that the Brazilian state was going through would be equally beneficial for both the automobile and the civil construction industries.. In summary, the industrial activity to be implemented in the industrial districts of the West Zone would prevent resources from being absorbed by the states of São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro. Nevertheless, implied in this dynamics regarding capital accumulation, there were other important points such as the denial to the right of the city6 and the basic housing rights, mainly for low income population who are excluded from the formal estate market. These aspects will be addressed in a multidisciplinary way in this work, not only from the point of view of Law, but also from the point of view of economics and sociology, holding discussions with the authors who make up the theoretical framework of this paper, like David Harvey, Henri Lefebvre and Nancy Fraser. The first one focuses his speech on a Marxist's re-reading of the construction and reconstruction of the urban space under the capitalistic system, more specifically under the financial and real estate capital. The second author lectures about the right to the city while the last author teaches the interactions among recognition, redistribution and participation. All of them have contributed with their worldviews to reach the human potentials and a more equal and fairer society with arguments that are present in the national juridical system, such as the preamble of the Brazilian 5 The region of Barra da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro city has shown a significant growth in the last years, compared to the city as a whole. This is the reason for the title of this work, as it will be shown along the dissertation. 6 Defendido por Henri Lefebvre e que será melhor explicado ao longo do trabalho. Constitution7 . However, the urban expansion of Rio de Janeiro towards Barra da Tijuca, which figures as a concrete thing, has pointed at the opposite direction. So, it is important to investigate this process by making use of both the theoretical framework pointed earlier and the urban growth starting from the administration of mayor Pereira Passos in the beginning of the last century up to Mayor Eduardo Paes' Olympic project, who has empowered the latest movements of this momentum towards the west zone. One can observe along this route that not only the city has gone in another direction - as we can see through the past movements of expansion towards the West Zone, and also throughout history, when the elitist bias goes on holding hands with segregationist bias, mainly at urban landmarks that can remove people with low income from their houses, because they aren t considered welcome and not visible to the real state market. Paradoxically, their existence is only noted in order for them not to exist, since they are unable to fit as customers of the capitalist accumulation, mainly when under command of the financial market. So, from a scientific normative point of view, this work discusses the basic right to housing for a better understanding of the multiple aspects within this urban expansion movement, as well as the economic and public policy aspects, such as urban entrepreneurship, adopted in the city since 1993, which has supported mega sport events like the 2016 Olympic Games, and therefore fostered the growth of the city towards Barra da Tijuca and its surroundings, thus justifying the title of this work. With this work done, one hopes to have achieved the formulated objective, which is to contribute to what is professed by Article 2 of the Statute of the City, which is the democratic management of the cities, a principle that has been widely ignored in the "conquest of the carioca West".