Evolução do atrito negativo no tempo: estudo de um caso de estaca metálica em argila muito compressível

• Autor(a) principal: Azevedo, Rachel da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11644
• topic: Civil Engineering; Clay soils; Steel stakes; Negative Skin-Friction; Neutral Plane; Soft Clay; Deep Foundations; Engenharia civil; Solos argilosos; Estacas de aço; Atrito Negativo; Ponto Neutro; Argila Mole; Solo Compressível; Fundações Profundas; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL

The negative friction is a loading transferred to the pile in the regions of pile shaft where soil settlement is greater than the pile settlement. The clay deposit found in the Jacarepaguá Lowlands, in Rio de Janeiro, is known to be very soft, with a very low unit weight and high void ratio. The soil settlement measured in these deposits are commonly very high. The present research has been motivated by the availability of the settlement instrumentation of an extensive landfill area whose constructions were founded on steel piles. In the documented case, the driving records of all the piles of a small piling situated under the slope of the embankment are analyzed. Once the measured settlement profile is known, the negative friction has been predicted for three piling alignments under the slope of the embankment. The depth of the neutral point has been estimated by the comparison of the measured soil settlement with the estimated pile settlement. As the soil and pile settlement vary with time, the prediction of the development of the neutral point with elapsed time for the three piling alignments was also made. The maximum negative friction was also estimated with elapsed time, for the three piling alignments, considering and not considering the influence of secondary settlement. As long as pile capacity also varies with time, the piling safety was also estimated during the settlement development. Differences in behavior has been observed when distinct piling alignment has been considered. Estimated values and behavior for pilings under alignments A and B were distinct from those estimated for pilings under alignments C. Although it is not an instrumented site, the estimated values indicated that the neutral point for piles driven in extremely compressible clay layers is located much lower than the depth commonly proposed by the calculation methods. Since the magnitude of the maximum negative friction is a function of the position of the neutral point, the evaluation of the negative friction by the available methods may be against safety. The influence of the secondary compression was not relevant, due to the very high magnitude of the values of consolidation settlements. The results raise interesting discussions regarding the consideration of the position of the neutral point, the development of negative friction with time, the position of the piles in relation to their alignment, as well as different expressions for the safety factor. The negative friction is an issue not thoroughly studied, mainly in Brazil, justifying future researches, some of which are proposed in this study.