História de vida das fêmeas de três espécies de Poeciliidae de um riacho costeiro da Mata Atlântica

• Autor(a) principal: Pacheco, Bruno Gorini de Araújo Passos
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/5829
• topic: Life-history; Poeciliidae; Phenotypic plasticity; Reproductive Strategies; Superfetation; Matrotrophy; Atlantic Forest; História de Vida; Poeciliidae; Plasticidade Fenotípica; Estratégias Reprodutivas; Superfetação; Matrotrofia; Mata Atlântica; Peixe - Reprodução - Maricá (RJ); Barrigudinho(Peixe) - Reprodução - Maricá (RJ); Poeciliidae; Viviparidade; Mata Atlântica; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA APLICADA

Life-history theory is an important tool to understand differences in reproductive strategies among populations under different environmental conditions, and for the inference of possible local adaptations. Poeciliids are ideal organisms for the study of life-history divergence among populations due to their reproductive peculiarities based on different levels of viviparity, prompt responses to environmental conditions, continuous reproduction and a short generation time. Considering that Phalloceros harpagos, Poecilia reticulata and Poecilia vivipara - three poeciliid species found in the Ubatiba river, in Maricá municipality, Rio de Janeiro - have low-mobility populations and share similar diets, competition for food resources can greatly influence the life-history of these species in areas where they co-occur. Samples were collected at six locations of the Ubatiba river, which were selected by the pattern of poeciliid species occurrence. To compare the life histories of the three species we analyzed standard length, size at first maturity, total weight, gonadosomatic index (GSI), brood size, and the presence or absence of superfetation. In order to assess the changes in life history characteristics of each species according to location, data was separated by species, and then locations were compared. Besides the mentioned features, the presence or absence of matrotrophy was also examined. Correlation analysis showed that female size influences the total weight, reproductive investment and brood size of poeciliid species. Pregnant females of P. vivipara showed the highest standard length, size at first maturity, total weight, brood size and GSI among the three species. Life-history traits of P. reticulata exhibited similarities with either P. harpagos (standard length, size at first maturity and total weight) or P. vivipara (GSI). Brood size differed significantly among species. Between 12-15% of pregnant females of the three poeciliid species presented superfetation. P. harpagos life-history traits according to location showed that standard length, weight, GSI and brood size of females are closely related to the occurrence of other poeciliids. P. vivipara females also showed variations of GSI and brood size linked to co-occurrence, however, showed no differences in standard length and weight according to location. Whilst, P. reticulata presented differences in weight, GSI and brood size related to the occurrence of other species but not in length. We observed, for the three species, the concomitant presence of superfetation and matrotrophy, and there was evidence that the variation in degrees of matrotrophy was influenced by different patterns of occurrence. Poeciliids presented a variety of life-history patterns, which seem to have been shaped primarily by interspecific competition for food resources.