Curso temporal dos efeitos da exposição à nicotina durante a lactação no sistema colinérgico cerebral de ratos

• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, André Luiz Nunes
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12759
• topic: Nicotine; Development nervous system; Postnatal; Acetylcholine; Nicotina; Desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso; Pós-natal; Acetilcolina; Nicotina; Sistema nervoso Crescimento & desenvolvimento; Lactação; Acetilcolina-; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA::FISIOLOGIA DE ORGAOS E SISTEMAS::NEUROFISIOLOGIA

The Word Health Organization estimates that there are approximately 250 million women smokers in the world. In developing countries, the prevalence of smoking varies from 11% to 35% in pregnant women, constituting a public health concern. Nicotine, a cholinergic agonist that is considered one the main active components of cigarette smoke, causes deleterious effects on brain development, however, most studies investigate its effects during rodents gestation, which corresponds to the first two trimesters of human gestation. In the present study, we focused on nicotine effects on the brain cholinergic system during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation. Lactating rats were exposed either to nicotine (NIC, 6 mg/Kg/day) or to saline (SAL) via osmotic minipumps (s.c.) from the 2nd to the 16th postnatal day (PN). NIC and SAL offspring were sacrificed during exposure (PN15), or at withdrawal (PN21, PN30 and PN90). Four cholinergic biomarkers were considered. For evaluation of effects on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we utilized [3H]cytisine, a ligand that binds selectively to the a4b2 nAChR. We also assessed the binding of [3H]hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) to the high-affinity presynaptic choline transporter, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex (CX), midbrain (MB) and hippocampus (HP) of the offspring. NIC offspring presented nAChR upregulation in all regions during exposure that was reversed at short term withdrawal, in PN21. Interestingly, a significant nAChR downregulation was observed at long term withdrawal only in CX. Nicotine reduced HC-3 binding during exposure in all regions that was reversed on PN21. On PN30, NIC offspring presents a decrease HC-3 binding. In contrast, on PN90 was observed an increase on HC-3 binding. There were no effects for ChAT and AChE in the CX. Regarding MB, NIC offspring presents an increase in both ChAT and AChE activity on PN30. At the same age, we observed a decreased in both ChAT and AChE activity on HP. At long term withdrawal, only HP showed an increase in ChAT activity. These data indicate that maternal nicotine exposure during the third trimester equivalent of human gestation promotes cholinergic system alterations in the offspring s. In addition, our data indicate that detrimental effects are observable even long after the exposure has been interrupted.