Teoria de Landau-Ginzburg para o estado supercondutor nemático

• Autor(a) principal: Clarim, Rafael de Vasconcellos
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12909
• topic: Superconductivity; Phase transformations (Statistical physics); Liquid crystals; Supercondutividade; Transformações de fase (Física matemática); Cristais líquidos; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA::FISICA DA MATERIA CONDENSADA

The objective of this project is to propose a two-dimensional model that describes the new superconducting state, which has liquid crystal symmetry, called nematic superconductor. The study begins with an introduction to the Ginzburg-Landau theory of phase transitions, which are discussed concepts such as order parameter and the orders of phase transitions, which are essential for the development of this project. Then, there is a discussion of the main characteristics of superconductors such as zero resistance, the Meissner effect-Ochsenfeld, the types of superconductors, the appearance of vortex and an analysis of the Landau-Ginzburg theory to metal superconductor phase transition. After this, an approach is made on the main types of liquid crystals, especially the nematic liquid crystal, which is developed Ginzburg-Landau theory for nematicisotropic phase transition and a study about the disclinations in the two dimensional nematic liquid crystal. Finally, the proposed model is presented to describe the nematic superconductor state, with the construction of the Ginzburg-Landau theory, the study of coupling between the phases and the topological defects resent in this state.