A vivência da hospitalização sob a ótica da criança em idade escolar e as implicações no desenvolvimento infantil à luz de Vigotski

• Autor(a) principal: Cunha, Adriana Loureiro da
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/16754
• topic: Child; Hospitalization; Development; Nursing; Child, Hospitalized; Nurse's Role; Criança; Hospitalização; Desenvolvimento; Enfermagem; Criança hospitalizada; Papel do profissional de enfermagem; Vigotsky, L. S. (Lev Semenovich),1896-1934; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Hospitalization is a life-changing event for an individual, especially in childhood. Thus, children experience various changes in their lives, characterized by distancing from their daily activities, friends, and school routines. The aforementioned can affect their development as children, with the possibility of causing traumas that may persist even after hospital discharge. Thus, faced with that possibility of theoretical deepening, this research had the following study Object: the experience of hospitalization from the perspective of schoolchildren; and the following Objectives: a) To describe the experience of hospitalization from the perspective of schoolchildren; b) To reveal how children see their hospitalization; and c) To discuss the experience of schoolchildren hospitalizations and the role of the nurse in the promotion of child development in the light of Vigotski's concepts. Method: A descriptive-exploratory research study conducted in a pediatric hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in a clinical hospitalization unit, with 12 hospitalized children aged between 6 and 12 years old, with approval by the ethics committees of the Rio de Janeiro State University, the proposing institution, with CAAE: 00223818100005282, and of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Rio de Janeiro, the co-participant institution, with CAAE: 00223818130015279. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews from October to December 2019. Data analysis was performed by means of Bardin's thematic-categorical analysis, where two empirical categories emerged: 1) Experiencing the negative and positive repercussions of hospitalization; and 2) Wishing for a more humanized hospital. Results: The schoolchildren highlighted the following as negative aspects of hospitalization: being restricted to a single space of the hospital and isolated from other children, being subjected to invasive and painful procedures, and having to adapt to changes in their daily routines. However, the children found strategies to face these adversities by searching distracting alternatives with diverse electronic equipment and recreational competition games. They make new friends and acquire new knowledge. Wishing to have a more humanized hospital, they foresee a place with more games and fun activities, and having their pets visit them, as well as that the ward would have a more colorful ambience with less of a hospital atmosphere. In addition, they wish for the health team communication to occur in a calmer way and targeted to them first. In view of Vigotski’s assumptions, the Nursing professional must act considering the child's zone of potential development, which is related to what the child can learn with the support of another person.