Análise de risco ambiental na Serra do Mar: o caso do Parque Estadual do Cunhambebe e entorno (RJ)

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Kátia Regina Góes
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/13249
• topic: Environmental risk; Natural risk; Social risk; Technological risk; Natural disaster; Risco ambiental; Risco natural; Risco social; Risco tecnológico; Desastre natural; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::GEOGRAFIA FISICA

Lately, throughout the world, there have been reports of episodes of natural disasters. In Brazil, in 2011, there was the country's biggest disaster, resulting in 900 deaths and 350 missing persons. These episodes corroborated the implementation of the National Program for the Prevention of Risks and Response to Natural Disasters (PNPRRDN), launching on August 08, 2012 in Brasilia. The study area is located in the Green Coast Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the buffer zone of Cunhambebe State Park (PEC), whose area crosses the municipalities of Mangaratiba and Angra dos Reis, municipalities covered by the government program. The main objective of the research is to develop an environmental risk analysis using a methodology presented by Egler (1996), based on spatial analysis techniques in geoprocessing, taking as input the physical, social and economic aspects preponderant in the region. Among the specific objectives, the development of models and techniques of map algebra using multicriteria analysis, weighted average, Analytical and Hierarchical Process (AHP) and fuzzy logic are considered. For natural risk analysis developed a map of environmental fragility and ecodynamic units. In relation to social risk, indicators were developed with IDS methodology (Social Development Indicators - IBGE), considering the environmental, social and economic dimensions. The technological risk mapping was based on information on tourism, port, energy and road infrastructure and risk areas were determined from the areas of direct influence of the enterprises. The environmental risk map is the result of crossing the three risk classes: natural, social and technological. As a hypothesis, it is understood that environmental modeling using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) favors the predictive view of environmental risk, helping decision-making by public managers, minimizing the impacts caused by natural disasters. As justification, it is understood that the PNPRRDN did not preemptively map the areas of risk, but only the areas of accidents occurred previously. The environmental risk model highlighted several areas of environmental risk, especially the municipality of Angra dos Reis, which is in an advanced stage of anthropization due to the disorderly occupation of the territory. There are also many areas in the municipality of Mangaratiba, but on a smaller scale, due to the presence of the PEC and APAMAN.s protection áreas