Catalisadores à base de platina frente a correntes de H2 contendo acetaldeído geradas via reforma do etanol

• Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Adriana Fernandes Felix de Lima
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11935
• topic: Decarbonylation; acetaldehyde; eletrocatalyst; fuel Cell.; Descarbonilação; acetaldeído; eletrocatalisador; Células a combustível; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA

Due to the greenhouse effect, hydrogen production from bioethanol reforming is a very important subject in heterogeneous catalysis research. Pt based catalysts are employed in H2 purification processes and also as electrocatalysts of PEM ( Proton Exchange Membrane ) fuel cells. Hydrogen obtained from ethanol reforming may contain acetaldehyde and small amounts of CO as contaminants. This very reactive aldehyde can interact with Pt based catalysts during purification process, and also with the electrocatalyst. Therefore, this work aims to study the acetaldehyde behavior in the presence of platinum based catalysts under hydrogen atmosphere. Two catalysts named Pt/SiO2 and Pt/USY were prepared, containing 1,5% of Pt. A commercial Pt eletrocatayst supported on carbon (Pt/C) was also studied. The catalysts were characterized by textural analysis, XRD, H2 chemisorption, cyclohexane dehydrogenation reaction, pyridine IR, n-butylamine TPD, CO2 TPD, TGA/DTG, SEM and EDS. The catalytic tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at temperature range of 50-350 °C, under acetaldehyde, H2 and N2 flow. It was observed that the acid-basic supports properties promoted condensation reactions with the formation of ethylic ether and ethyl acetate. Once in contact with Pt based catalysts, acetaldehyde undergoes C-C and C=O bond scissions. The former occurs at a wide temperature range, whereas the latter occurs only at low temperatures (< 200 °C). The C-C bond scission (decarbonylation) produces methane and CO. The C=O bond scission generates carbon residues on the catalyst, as well as oxygen species, which in turn eliminate CO from the catalytic surface. It was noticed that the type of support influences products distribution, mainly at low temperatures. The data also show that decarbonylation is not a structure-sensitive reaction. Residues were observed on Pt/USY which were generated not only from C=O bond rupture, but also from acetaldehyde polymerization