Análise da concordância entre o plano dietético Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) e o padrão alimentar de pacientes hipertensos

• Autor(a) principal: Casanova, Marcela de Abreu
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/8706
• topic: Dietary assessment; Hypertension; DASH plan; Hypertension - Diet Therapy; Nutrition - Evaluation; Hypertension - Nutritional aspects; Dietetics; Avaliação dietética; Hipertensão; Plano DASH; Hipertensão - Dietoterapia; Nutrição - Avaliação; Hipertensão - Aspectos nutricionais; Dietética; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

The adoption of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan has been emphasized in the hypertension population as an important strategy in the control of the raised blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to analyze the alimentary consumption of macro and micronutrients in hypertensive patients, especially of sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium, and to compare with the dietary recommendations contained in DASH plan. Transversal study was conducted in a convenience sample of 113 hypertensive patients, between 40 and 69 years. The BP measurement was determined with calibrated electronic device and the dietary assessment was performed trough the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For comparison with DASH plan, ingested foods were converted into portions and the magnitude of the portions recommended for DASH plan was determined on the basis of the mean energy requirements of this sample. Thereafter, cut-off points were established for food groups, the maximum number of points that a patient could reach was 9. The sample was divided in tertils: Group L with 2.5 4.0 points (n=34; 30%), Group I with 4.5 5.0 points (n=43; 38%) and Group H with 5.5 8.0 points (n=36; 32%). Systolic and diastolic BP were not significantly different among the groups (140±24 vs 138±23 vs 135±15 mmHg/ 86±17 vs 88±13 vs 84±10 mmHg). Group H consumed more proteins and monoinsaturated fat, a pronounced excess in the saturated fat, cholesterol and total calories intake was also detected in this group of patients. Regarding micronutrients intake, group H presented significantly higher consumption of calcium, potassium and magnesium, reflected for higher vegetable and fruits intake in comparison to the groups L and I. The average of intrinsic sodium intake was significantly higher in the group H (4.1±2.0 vs 3.1±1.1 vs 2.7±1.1 g/day). Negative correlation between the systolic BP and dietary protein percentage (r=-0.5, p=0.002) and a positive correlation between the systolic BP and the carbohydrate percentage (r=0.4, p=0.02) was verified only in group H. The present study showed that only one third of the hypertensive patients presented alimentary pattern more consistent with DASH plan, showing greater intake of protein, monounsaturated fat, fiber, calcium, potassium and magnesium. However, pronounced sodium, saturated fat and cholesterol intake and excess of total calories in these hypertensive patients could restrict a greater control of BP.