A susceptibilidade à nicotina e etanol é afetada pela exposição à nicotina, fumaça de cigarro e etanol durante o período gestacional: alterações comportamentais e eletrofisiológicas no período pós-natal de camundongos

• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, André Luiz Nunes
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12642
• topic: Adolescence; Susceptibility; Nicotine; Ethanol; Adolescência; Susceptibilidade; Nicotina; Etanol; Adolescência Álcool; Comportamento do adolescente Efeitos de drogas; Transtorno por Uso de Tabaco Fisiopatologia; Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias; Manifestações neurocomportamentais; Exposição materna Efeitos adversos; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA::FISIOLOGIA DE ORGAOS E SISTEMAS::NEUROFISIOLOGIA

Particularly relevant is the fact that early exposure to drugs of abuse during development potentially increases drug susceptibility later during development. In the present study we used mice models to investigate postnatal behavioral and electrophysiological effects of exposure to cigarette smoke, nicotine and ethanol during the period that corresponds to pregnancy in humans. To this end, this thesis was divided into two studies. In Study 1, we submitted mice to cigarette smoke and / or ethanol in order during the period that corresponds to human pregnancy to investigate whether these drugs of abuse, alone or when combined, programs increased susceptibility to the effects of nicotine during adolescence (PN30) or adulthood (PN90). To evaluate susceptibility, we use three tests: open field (OF), preference for nicotine (PFN) and conditioned place preference (CPP). In Study 2, the animals were exposed to nicotine during pregnancy and, in the period corresponding to childhood (PN9 to PN20), brain slices containing the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) were exposed to ethanol. This nucleus was chosen based on recent studies that indicate that it participates in mechanisms of addiction. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were performed. In Study 1, a higher sensitivity to the effects of nicotine exposure was identified during adolescence when compared to adulthood. In animals tested in the OF during adolescence, nicotine was able to cause an increase in locomotor activity in controls, in mice previously exposed to cigarette smoke, and in those exposed to ethanol. However, nicotine failed to increase locomotion in mice previously exposed to smoke combined with ethanol. In adulthood, nicotine caused an increase in OF locomotor activity only in animals exposed to cigarette smoke. In the CPP, previous exposure to cigarette smoke, and to ethanol caused an increase of the conditioned response to nicotine in adolescent females. In animals previously exposed to the combined cigarette smoke and ethanol, the conditioned response to nicotine did not reach statistical significance. There were no changes in adult mice. Exposure to cigarette smoke and / or ethanol did not affect the PFN. In Study 2, electrophysiological data have shown that prenatal exposure to nicotine alters the pattern of basal and depolarization of the resting potential of cells LDT. Nicotine was also able to change the answers this core ethanol reducing and increasing depolarization currents, although not significantly inhibitory currents. According to these data, injuries caused by exposure to cigarette smoke, nicotine alone, and ethanol during development persist during postnatal development, changing the behavioral and cellular responses to a late exposure to nicotine and ethanol.