Avaliação da resposta imune de neonatos não infectados pelo HIV-1 nascidos de gestantes soropositivas

• Autor(a) principal: Machado, Joana Hygino da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14426
• topic: HIV-1; AIDS; Neonates; Anti-retroviral; Lymphoproliferation; Cytokine; HIV-1; Aids; Neonatos; Anti-retroviral; Linfoproliferação; Citocinas; HIV-1; HIV (Vírus); Infecções por HIV; AIDS (Doença); Agentes antirretrovirais; Citocinas; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::IMUNOLOGIA

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is one the most destructive epidemic in the world, and the HIV-infection in young women has been increasing fast in the recent times. This fact has an important impact on vertical virus transmission. Although the great majority of the pediatric AIDS cases all over the world results from vertical transmission, approximately two thirds of the children exposed to the HIV during the fetal life are not infected by the virus. Many works suggest that during pregnancy, maternal infectious diseases could have complex consequences to the fetus development, and few works have explored the impact of HIV exposition on immunological responsiveness of uninfected children to different stimuli, particularly in the era of the anti-retroviral drugs. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate immune events in HIV-1-exposed uninfected neonates born from pregnant women who controlled (G1) or not (G2) the plasma viral load, using unexposed neonates as control. Cord blood from each neonate was collected, plasma and mononuclear cells were separated and the lymphoproliferation and cytokine pattern were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the in vitro lymphoproliferation induced by polyclonal activators was higher in the G2 neonates. Nevertheless, no cell culture responded to poll synthetic HIV-1 envelope peptides. The cytokine dosage in the plasma and supernatants of polyclonally-activated cultures demonstrated that, while IL-4 and IL-10 were the dominant cytokines produced in G1 and control groups, the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-1, Il-6, IL-17 and TNF-α was significantly higher in G2 neonates. Systemic levels of IL-10 observed among the G1 neonates were higher in those born from mothers treated with viral transcriptase reverse inhibitors drugs. On the other hand, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed among them born from pregnant women treated with highly active anti-retroviral therapy. In summary, our results indicate an altered immune responsiveness in neonates exposed in utero to HIV and support the role of maternal anti-viral treatment with less potent drugs to attenuate it.