Amamentação cruzada: contribuição para enfermagem e saúde no campo da bioética

• Autor(a) principal: Gomes, Cristiane Santos
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11420
• topic: Breastfeeding; Nursing; Counseling; Bioethics; Amamentação; Enfermagem; Aconselhamento; Bioética; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Breastmilk is considered the best food for the child, but there are situations that permanently contraindicate the practice of breastfeeding, as mothers carrying the HIV virus (human immunodeficiency virus). In Brazil, the Ministry of Health, through its Ordinance No. 2415/1996, guides the non-practice of cross-breastfeeding. Purpose of the study: nurses' knowledge and practices regarding cross-breastfeeding. The objectives are: to understand nurses' knowledge and practices regarding cross-breastfeeding in a bioethical perspective; To identify the nurse's nursing care in relation to cross-breastfeeding and to correlate nurses' knowledge and practices in the light of bioethics. Methodology: This is a qualitative study of a descriptive type based on methodological discourse analysis, in Duque de Caxias municipality. Six nurses participated in the study who work in the Family Health Strategy through a focus group in May. The data were analyzed in the light of Discourse Analysis and interpreted through the Freirean conception of health education, based on the autonomy of the learning process and bioethical aspects with emphasis on the theory of moral development. Results: The study participants discourse analysis led to three generative themes: Polyphony: the heterogeneous discourse of the nurse; Silencing nurses on the reasons for not recommending cross-breastfeeding and (de)implication of the nurse's over the infant s autonomy regarding cross-breastfeeding. Nurses' discourse is heterogeneous, because the voices of others are mingle with the voice of the explicit subject of enunciation. In addition, there is a silencing of the nurses about the reasons for not recommending cross-breastfeeding, which can be identified by the attitude the professional has towards the nursing mother. They claim all the information is provided, but there is no openness to the dialogue. A nursing guilty discourse is used for any harm to the child's health, but counseling techniques are not used to promote an autonomous choice. And with that, (de) imply with the assumption that the job of the nurse is only (to prohibit or inform) and the function of the nurse is to abide by the prescriptions/normatizations. This study points to discussions of ethical conflicts and dilemmas about cross-breastfeeding articulated to Kohlberg's stages of moral development in the perspective of the nurse's autonomy and the child's right to breastfeeding. It is concluded that the nurses' action to deal with the conflicts and moral dilemmas of cross-breastfeeding requires updating and reflection in the field of bioethics to intervene with technical competence and respect for the women s autonomy and protection of the mother-baby dyad. Nurses need to rethink their behavior, establishing a dialogue based on an ethical stance that does not reproduce the norm, but privileges knowledge and attitudes that allow women to make appropriate choices to their way of life.