Efeito da dieta contendo óleo de canola sobre a composição corporal e a estrutura óssea de ratas jovens e de ratas adultas ovariectomizadas

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Aline de Sousa dos
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/16194
• topic: Body composition; Bone structure; Canola oil; Ovariectomy; Rats; Composição corporal; Estrutura óssea; Óleo de canola; Ovariectomia; Ratas; Dieta; Óleos vegetais Uso terapêutico; Ossos Densidade Fisiologia; Ossos Crescimento Fisiologia; Ovariotomia; Rato como animal de laboratório; Ratos Wistar; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA

Bone homeostasis is modulated by dietary and hormonal factors. Low omega-6/omega-3 ratio, present in canola oil, promotes beneficial effects on bone integrity. The understand about fatty acids action on bone structure can benefit menopausal women, reducing the risk of bone metabolic diseases and fractures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet containing canola oil on body composition and bone structure of rats throughout the development, in the presence and deficiency of female sex steroids. Wistar rats fed diet containing soybean oil (S group) or canola oil (C group) from 21 to 180 days old. At 90 days, the rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated (SHAM), creating 4 groups: Shams, ShamC, OVXS and OVXC. Euthanasia occurred at 60, 90 and 180 days and were analyzed: food intake; body weight and body length; glucose tolerance test; HOMA; plasmatic insulin and estradiol; lipid profile; plasmatic proteins; body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); computed tomography (CT); hepatic triglyceride, cholesterol and glycogen; pancreatic, adipose tissue and liver morphology. In femur and fourth lumbar vertebra (VL4) were analyzed bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), bone area (AO), radiodensity of femoral head (RCF) and radiodensity of vertebral body (RCV). At 60 days: there was no difference between groups in food intake, body composition and bone parameters. C group showed glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, increased pancreatic islet area, lower adipocytes area, increased liver weight, increased hepatic triglyceride and glycogen, hepatic steatosis, increased alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase, and lower estradiol concentrations. At 90 days: there was no difference between the groups in all aspects analyzed, except, lower adipocyte area and increased alkaline phosphatase and hepatic glycogen in the C group. At 180 days: food intake and body length were similar among the groups. OVX groups showed glucose intolerance; higher body weight, adiposity, adipocytes area and plasmatic alkaline phosphatase; and lower lean mass, uterine mass, estradiol concentrations, BMD of femur and VL4, RCF and RCV. OVXS group had hypercholesterolemia. OVXC group showed insulin resistance, increased hepatic triglyceride and hepatic steatosis. The diet containing canola oil promoted no higher peak bone mass at sexual maturity, at 60 days, and not prevented bone loss in estrogen deficiency period. Additionally, it was harmful to glucose metabolism and promoted hepatic damage in young rats, and when associated with estrogen deficiency exacerbated glucose and liver alterations.