Terapia com laser de baixa potência para prevenção e manejo da mucosite oral em pacientes com leucemia linfoblástica aguda: estudo piloto

• Autor(a) principal: Alves, Marcela Pessanha Ferraz
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14215
• topic: Chemotherapy; Lasertherapy; Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Oral mucositis; Quimioterapia; Laserterapia; Leucemia linfoblástica aguda; Mucosite oral; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA::PERIODONTIA

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common and painful complication induced by radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy and may induce serious complications in the patient's condition. The use of low-power laser therapy for the treatment and prevention of OM has shown excellent clinical results, to be well tolerated and presents no discomfort toxicity and side effects. However, further studies are necessary to improve the use of the laser and to get the best biomodulation of tissue reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of OM grade 2, 3 and 4 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received prophylactic laser. This is a pilot prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. We evaluated 21 patients diagnosed with ALL undergoing chemotherapy from March to November 2015. Patients were randomized prior to the start of the study to receive either low level laser treatment with a wavelength of 660nm or 808nm both with 100 mW, 4 J / cm2, 1J and a "spot size" of 0.24 cm2. Patients were evaluated during hospitalization, daily from D 0 to D +5 and later in the outpatient control. Statistical analyzes were calculated using the patients and chemotherapy blocks as unit of analysis. The results showed that both groups presented low incidence of OM, no patient developed oral mucositis grade 4 on the WHO scale, no patient had to use opioids to control OM pain and there were no reported cases of interruption or delay chemotherapy treatment due to severe mucositis. In addition, the maximum time for the resolution of mucositis was four days and there were no cases of readmission with primary reason OM. The laser application was well tolerated by all patients and there was no side effect derived from its use. Group 1 showed higher incidence of oral mucositis not significantly different and with longer duration of lesions in the analysis by patients, as compared to group 2. These results suggest that care in the prevention of OM with two laser sources associated with the oral hygiene was effective. Moreover, the prophylaxis to prevent mucositis associated with immediate care, the first symptom of patients, can be critical to the rapid resolution of the lesions.