A expressão da subjetividade na Filosofia de Merleau-Ponty

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Rafael Ramos
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15357
• topic: Perception; Expression; Language; Subjectivity; Percepção; Expressão; Linguagem; Subjetividade; Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 1908 - 1961; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL

In this paper, the french philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty is an exceptional author searching for a phenomenological comprehension of subjectivity. In the first part, the sense of corporeity is analysed, that reveals a native sociality opened by a perceptive experience, in wicher subject and object are mixed up. If in the part I the natural world prevails, in the part II the experience of the cultural world is the main theme. The structural character of the per-ceptive is not left behind, but it is considered in order to explore the thesis that says the mean-ing of experience is not connected to a separate sense of existence. Having its foundation on perception, principally on its antepredicative aspect, developes a phenomenological analysis of language, as well as praxis and intersubjectivity in relation to the comprehension of this theme, focusing the native social dimension revealed by corporeity. The link between subjective dimension and existence, based on de body, is highlighted by the notion of expression. The sense of expression refers to the transcendency of subject in relation to his situation, not rejecting it and is used to show that the sense of realized things is perceived not as something that can be isolated, but as the product of an articulation in the order of the sensitive, doing without the thesis of a paralelism between positive order (perception of the world) and order of the ideality (what is said and thought about experience). The logic of expression, verified on the body, is succeeded by studies of language in Merleau-Ponty s work, in order to obtain his conception of the relationship between the subject and the instituted. It is noticed that expressived of language, similar to corporal gesture, points to transcendency of meaning in relation to the significants shared in certain culture and, therefore, points to the liberty of the subject as producer of history, from the transformations of his situation. If language allowed to conceive how thsubject can give new meaning from those wich are already established, talking about liberty once again, at the end of the dissertation, developed in Phenomenology of Perception, shows that the theories presented in its last texts keep some coherence in relation to the first texts. The influence of notion of structure into his interest on anthropology, mentioned in the last chapter, confirms that simbolic function, presented in logic of expression, exposes dialectic without sinthesis that is a characteristic of subjectivity.