Democratização, demofobia e conflitos sociais: um estudo teórico e histórico-sociológico sobre a República de 46 (1946-1964)

• Autor(a) principal: Englander, Alexander David Anton Couto
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15451
• topic: Democracy; Socialism; Labor movement; Collective action; Republic of 46; Democracia; Socialismo; Movimento Operário; Ação Coletiva; República de 46; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::SOCIOLOGIA

This work consists of a study of demophobic and elitist characteristics present in the Republic of 46 (1946-1964), and an analysis of how these characteristics presented strong and constant obstacles to political actors who proposed deepening the democratization of the state and of social relations in Brazil. The central aim of the research consists of examining complex relationships between work, capital, and the state, with the objective of understanding both advances of and barriers to democratization. The work s analytic trajectory begins with a theoretical examination of the achievements and limitations of the democratization process of the modern state, beginning in Europe and eventually taking a global approach. The work emphasizes tensions between principles of liberalism and of democracy tensions inherent to liberal democracies as fundamental to an unresolved dilemma of modern democracies: namely, how to articulate the negative liberties of liberal doctrine with the popular sovereignty and relative equality that constitute democratic ways of life? Based on the theoretical questions elaborated through this process, the research presents an investigation of the trajectory of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) in the Republic of 46. The PCB, like many other communist parties influenced by the theses of the Third International, believed that a democratic-bourgeois revolution must precede a socialist revolution so as to install anti-feudalistic and anti-imperialistic values, thereby creating the conditions for a later transition to socialism. Yet different segments of the Brazilian bourgeoisie always rejected the democratic advances that the PCB attempted to promote between 1946 and 1964. This study examines the obstacles that demophobic democracy imposed on democratic revolution based on two central lines of questioning: first, how did the project of citizenship based on labor regulations, as elaborated by President Getúlio Vargas, impose state control on collective popular actions? Second, in what way did the constructive and creative actions of organized laborers pressure and attempt to amplify the scope of citizenship as elaborated by Vargas? My two principal hypotheses are that: 1) the answer to the first question should be sought in the study of cultural policies and in demophobic state institutions inherited from the New State (1937-1946) and the First Republic (1889-1930); and 2) the answer to the second question can be found in the analysis of the amplification of the repertoire of collective actions of the labor movement (and other popular social movements) beyond the limits imposed by union legislation. To understand the impasses encountered by democratization in Brazil, the work presents a critical analysis of both the theory and practice of Brazilian communists, focusing on the formation of political parties, the actions of unions, the conflict-stricken alliance with the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), and interpretations of Brazilian society in general. In an attempt to deepen debates of class-based society in Brazil, the final part of the work consists of a critical review of the production of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Florestan Fernandes, Marxist theorists from the University of São Paulo, in relation to the PCB s praxis during the Republic of 46