Estudo da ancestralidade materna da população do Rio de Janeiro: análise do DNA mitocondrial

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Suellen Silva Bernardo dos
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/16248
• topic: DNA mitocondrial; População brasileira; Ancestralidade; Haplogrupos; Rio de Janeiro; DNA mitocondrial; População brasileira; Ancestralidade; Haplogrupos; Rio de Janeiro; Genética da população humana; Haplótipos; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS

The uniparental portions of the human genome, represented by the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), contain genetic information related to patrilineal and matrilineal inheritance, respectively. Besides the application in medical genetics and forensic, the mtDNA has been used as an important molecular marker in studies of evolution to trace phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences on human populations. The analysis of mtDNA lineages present in different populations worldwide led to the identification of haplogroups combining several specific haplotypes of the major ethnic groups: Africans, Europeans, Asians and Native Americans. The Brazilian population is known as one of the most heterogeneous in the world, a result of the colonization process of the country, covering more than five centuries of miscegenation between peoples of different continents. This study aimed to estimate from the analysis of mitochondrial DNA, the ancestral proportion of African, European and Amerindian in the Rio de Janeiro population. For that reason, the hypervariable regions HVI and HVII of mtDNA from 109 genetically unrelated individuals residing in Rio de Janeiro were sequenced. The haplogroups were classified according to the set of polymorphism of the individual haplotypes. Statistical programs were used for determination of parameters of genetic diversity and population comparisons. The haplotype diversity was estimated to be 0.9988. Our results showed in the population of Rio de Janeiro percentage of about 60%, 25% and 15% of maternal African ancestry, Amerindian and European, respectively. Through the analysis of genetic distances, it was showed that the population of Rio de Janeiro is closer to Brazilian populations of the states of Sao Paulo and Alagoas. As described in historical records, some regions had very specific processes of colonization that are reflected in the maternal and paternal ancestors proportions observed. Regarding mtDNA, there was no significant genetic difference between the populations of Rio de Janeiro and Angola, an African population. The current results are in close agreement with the historical records and other genetic studies on the formation of the Brazilian population