Sensibilidade ambiental do litoral da Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, RJ) a eventos de derramamento de óleo

• Autor(a) principal: Baptista, érika Cardoso da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/13490
• topic: Environmental sensibility; Pollution; Oil spills; Ilha Grande; Sensibilidade ambiental; Poluição; Derramamento de óleo; Ilha Grande; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS::GEOGRAFIA FISICA

Social and environmental impacts caused by marine and land transport of hydrocarbons are becoming increasingly frequent due to the occurrence of accidents with oil spills. Disasters of this nature cause serious impacts in addition to harming economic essential activities to the survival of the population, which reinforces the importance of knowing the degree of sensitivity of the coast to any oil spill. The Ilha Grande in Angra dos Reis (RJ) is divided in several Conservation Units (APA dos Tamoios, Biological beach Reserve and Aventureiro Marine Park), which together reinforce the importance of the biodiversity and local geodiversity. The various coastal ecosystems have their balance constantly threatened by the expansion of tourism and oil companies. The population of Ilha Grande and its surroundings depends to a large extent on the activities linked to tourism and artisanal fishing. The objective of this study is to understand the of risk and environmental sensitivity of the Ilha Grande coast to oil spill events and their consequences for coastal ecosystems areas. The methodology of this study is based on the fieldwork to characterize the morphology and sediments of these beaches by means of measurements of the slope of the beach profile; granulometrics analysis and morphoscopy of the sands in the emersed and submerged portion of the beach; application of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) to oil spill events on the coast. The beaches located around of Ilha Grande have different geomorphological and geographic characteristics, shows different levels of exposure to the incidence of waves and currents and, consequently, to oil spill events, depending on the location, orientation and physical characteristics. The beaches analyzed in this study present the following environmental sensitivity indices to pollution caused by oil spill: ISA 1, attributed to the rocky shores around Ilha Grande; ISA 3, in the case of the beaches of Lopes Mendes (P3), Santo Antônio and Dois Rios, all located in the southern-eastern sector of the island; ISA 4, for the beaches of Santana, Japariz, Amor, Camiranga, Feiticeira, Preta, Abraão, Júlia, Bica, Guaxuma, Abraãozinho, Mangues and Pouso (in the eastern sector), beaches of Lopes Mendes (P1 and P2 ) and Caxadaço (Southern-eastern sector), Parnaioca, Aventureiro, Meros, Provetá, Vermelha and Grande de Araçatiba beaches (Southern-western sector), Lagoa Verde and Araçá beach (Northern-Western sector); ISA 5, for the beaches Comprida, Crena (northern-eastern sector) and Maguariqueçaba (northern-western sector); ISA10, corresponding to the lagoons of the South and East. The beaches analyzed in this study have the following environmental sensitivity results to the pollution caused by oil spill: ESI 3, in the case of the beaches of Lopes Mendes, Santo Antônio and Dois Rios, all located in the southern-eastern sector of the island; ESI 4, to the beaches of Freguesia de Santana, Japariz, Preta, Abraão, Júlia, Bica, Crena, Guaxuma, Abraãozinho (in the Eastern-Northern sector), beaches of Mangues and Pouso (sector Southern-eastern), Araçá (northern-western sector); and ESI 5, with regard to Comprida (northern sector). The study of the environmental sensitivity of the Ilha Grande, associated to oil spill, points to the vulnerability of this coast to an eventual disaster of its nature. The expansion of associative activities with oil extraction in the Santos Basin and the associated risks, may cause serious damage to fishing and tourism activities in the region and to commit coastal and marine ecosystems.