Comportamentos sexuais de risco, orientação sexual, uso de substâncias e saúde mental: Um estudo de base populacional no Brasil

• Main Author: Gomes, Nayara Lopes
• Publication Date: 2022
• Other Authors: [e-mail]
• Format: Doctoral thesis
• Language: por
• Source: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Download full: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/19184
• topic: Risky sexual behaviors; Sexual orientation; Alcohol use; Tobacco use; Depression; Adults; Comportamentos sexuais de risco; Orientação sexual; Uso de álcool; Uso de tabaco; Depressão; Adultos; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

This thesis is a study of prevalence and associations in the scope of sexuality and sexual behavior. Data are from the new module of sexual activity included in the National Health Survey (PNS, for its Portuguese acronym) in 2019, aimed at the population aged 18 and over (n=85,859). In the first article, a panorama of risky sexual behaviors in the adult population related to the non-use of condoms in the last sexual intercourse and early sexual initiation (before 15 years of age) was performed. Prevalence, and respective confidence intervals (CI), of the outcomes were calculated according to socioeconomic, demographic and regional characteristics of the population. It was observed that early sexual initiation is more prevalent among younger generations, with lower education levels and household income. Non-use of condoms was more prevalent among women, older people and married/cohabiting with a partner. Relevant disparities in non-use of condom between the sexes were observed in the non-cohabiting unmarried group. In the second article, the association between heavy alcohol consumption and inconsistent condom use was investigated among unmarried not cohabiting with a partner people aged 18 to 59 years (n=15,835). Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were estimated with Poisson regression models stratified by sex and age groups. It was observed that individuals from all age groups and both sexes who have heavy drinking pattern were significantly more likely to inconsistent condom use. The estimates were not considered statistically different between young (APR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.54) and middle-aged adults (APR 1.31; 95% CI: 1.19-1.44 for aged 25 to 39 and APR 1.26; 95% CI: 1.13-1.40 for aged 40 to 59 years). In the third and last article of this thesis, substance use (alcohol and tobacco) and depression were analyzed according to the self-identified sexual orientation of the adult population. Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models stratified by sex for each outcome. After controlling for covariates, gay men had a higher prevalence of depression, daily tobacco use and hazardous use of alcohol and tobacco (APR between 1.71 and 1.92) and bisexual men had a higher prevalence (almost three times) of depression than heterosexual men. Lesbian women had a higher prevalence of binge drinking, heavy drinking, daily tobacco use and hazardous use of alcohol and tobacco than heterosexual women (APR between 2.55 and 4.44). Among bisexual women, the results were significant for all outcomes analyzed (APR ranged between 1.83 and 3.26). Therefore, this thesis provides relevant evidence to support public health actions aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior and health disparities related to sexual orientation in the Brazilian adult population.