Avaliação da exposição de botos-cinza (Sotalia guianensis Van Benédén, 1864) aos compostos orgânicos de estanho através das concentrações hepáticas de estanho total na costa sudeste e sul do Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Schilithz, Priscila Ferreira
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/13882
• topic: Sotalia guianensis; Tin; TBT; Antifouling agent; Sotalia guianensis; Estanho; TBT; Agente antiincrustante; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::OCEANOGRAFIA::OCEANOGRAFIA BIOLOGICA

During the last decades, the large pollutant input has led to an increased concern over marine ecosystems. This environmental contamination results in deleterious effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Among the anthropogenic activities that may introduce persistent bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs) into the marine environment is the use of antifouling paint. It is applied on ship hulls and other floating structures to prevent algae, mussels and other organisms to fix on these surfaces. Often, organotin compounds (OTs), such as Tributyltin (TBT) or Triphenyltin (TPT), constituted the active ingredient in these mixtures. Due to the high toxicity of these compounds, the IMO (International Maritime Organization), banned their use entirely. As OTs are readily bioaccumulated, high total tin (SnT) concentrations have been found in cetaceans (Mammalia, Cetacea). Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis, Van Beneden, 1864) occupy high trophic levels and bioaccumulate the PBTs they are exposed to. Some authors reported that hepatic tin is predominantly found in its organic form in cetaceans, as inorganic tin is poorly absorbed by gastrointestinal mucosa. Therefore, the hepatic SnT concentration reflect the input of anthropogenic OTs. The present study aimed to evaluate Guiana dolphin exposure to OTs in Brazilian waters through hepatic total tin (SnT = organic + inorganic) concentrations. Analyses were performed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). Guiana dolphin samples from diferente areas of the Brazilian litoral, comprising the Region of Grande Vitória (GV), Guanabara Bay (BG), Sepetiba Bay (B.Sep), Paranaguá Bay (PR) and Babitonga Bay (SC), have been analyzed for comparison of distinctly OT-contaminated environments. Hepatic SnT concentrations (ng/g dry weight) of Guiana dolphins varied from <312 (detection limit) to 8250, for GV (n = 22); from <312 to 14100, for B.Sep (n = 38); <312 to 5147 for PR (n = 22); as well as from 626 to 24780, for SC (n=10). The highest concentrations were found in dolphins from BG (n = 11), which ranged from 1265 to 24882. The concentrations found in Guanabara Bay (BG) are among the highest detected in cetaceans.