Prevenção de riscos de tromboembolismo venoso: estratégias para redução da morbimortalidade

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Ronilson Gonçalves
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11123
• topic: Nursing; Venous thromboembolism; Risk factors; Enfermagem; Tromboembolismo venoso; Fatores de risco; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

This was a prospective quantitative study involving 3 distinct subject groups. Group 1 consisted of 56 patients evaluated for the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a 30-month follow-up. The outcomes of interest were death, rehospitalization and VTE prophylaxis. Group 2 consisted of 50 assistential nurses who answered VTE questionnaires with the purpose of evaluating their knowledge regarding risks and prophylaxis of VTE in hospitalized nonsurgical patients. The third group consisted of 100 assistential nurses who answered similar questionnaires, before and after VTE prophylaxis training. The general objective of this study was to verify nurses knowledge degrees about VTE considering their immersion in the process of risk prevention. Specific objectives were: to propose and implement a training strategy to capacitate nurses on VTE risk screening in hospitalized patients; verify the training impact about VTE on their knowledge to correctly identify VTE risk factors; to describe the VTE related outcomes in patients admitted for more than 24 hours in a quaternary hospital during a 30-month follow-up. In group 1, VTE event presented high mortality 63.6% in patients who did not receive prophylaxis. Moreover, many of these subjects 89.2% had been followed up by their physicians, 53.6% had been rehospitalized at some point and 28.6% had been taking VTE prophylaxis. In group 2, it was verified that nursing staff did not know how to correctly identify VTE risk factors, establishing considerable knowledge deficit related to VTE risk factors and prophylaxis. In view of the fact that 90% of the sample could not recognize more than 5 of the 24 risk factors stated by international consensus, it was demonstrated an insufficient knowledge degree according to the interval scale used in this study. In group 3, similarly to group 2, there was knowledge deficit related to VTE, since 100% of the group could not recognize more than 4 risk factors. After a VTE prophylaxis training, it was identified that this training provides high impact on the degree of information retention about VTE by the subjects, and this action is easily replicable in hospital institutions. It was concluded that the use of an evaluation algorithm/protocol about VTE risk screening by nurses could be an important tool to screen and prevent VTE in nonsurgical patients, which was the purpose of this study, given that the results showed that 97% of group 3 did not know any VTE risk prevention protocol. The subjects had excellent knowledge levels about mechanical prophylaxis, but it was identified that most of them 63% never gave orientations about prophylaxis during patient care, emphasizing the understanding that they are not fully engaged in the process of VTE risk prevention in hospitalized patients. The immersion of nurses in the process of identifying VTE risks must be capable of reducing the high VTE incidence and mortality and morbidity rates in hospital unities.