Pequenos mamíferos e seus ectoparasitos: estudo de caso em floresta nativa e eucaliptais na Reserva Biológica União (RJ, Brasil), com considerações sobre a biodiversidade de ectoparasitos escondida nos hospedeiros

• Autor(a) principal: Bittencourt, Emerson Brum
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14307
• topic: Small Mammals; Ectoparasites; Extinction Vulnerability; Pequenos Mamíferos; Ectoparasitos; Vulnerabilidade de Extinção; Mamífero - Brasil; Mamífero - Parasito - Rio de Janeiro (RJ); Biodiversidade; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

The biodiversity loss is a severe consequence of habitat fragmentation and together with fragmentation loss are the main threats to the terrestrial mammals of Brazil. In the Atlantic rainforest Biome, some studies were carried out with small mammals in native forests and in Eucalyptus plantations in Minas Gerais and São Paulo states. However, no of these measured small mammals dynamics in association with ectoparasites and the possible loss of diversity of them. For Brazil, several studies indicate the relationship of specificity between some parasites and their small mammals hosts. In this thesis, along three chapters, we analyzed the relationship between the small mammals and their ectoparasites results obtained in different stages of forest succession in which they are found in the União Biological Reserve (Rebio União). The Rebio União located in the Coastal Lowlands region of the Rio de Janeiro state, its total area is 3,126 ha. We sampled small mammals in 11 altered areas (composed by eucalyptus plots) and in 12 native forests areas. The 11 areas of eucalyptus were structurally and/or ecologically heterogeneous and had native species in their understory. The field excursions for data collection occurred in the years 2009-2012. In each capture area we established five transects (100 m) with five capture points for the trapping with Sherman and Tomahawk traps, baited with pieces of ripe banana or cassava chunks with peanut butter. We captured 191 specimens belonging to 13 species and we collected 2,184 ectoparasites of 22 species on them. In the first chapter we analyzed the effect of the substitution of native forests by eucalyptus plantations on the small mammal community. Species richness was similar in vegetal formations. However, small mammals communities differed between the ares, especially in terms of species abundance. It was possible to statistically differentiate the small mammal communities between areas based on the complexity understory. The estimated richness indicated the existence of species still not sampled in Rebio União. The condition factor of living of rodent Akodon cursor was significantly influenced by wet and dry seasons. In the second chapter we investigated the effect of substitution of native forest of the Atlantic by eucalyptus plantations on the patterns of epizootiologial ectoparasitism. The ectoparasites communities associated with small mammal differed between these vegetal formations. We found new occurrences of geographical distribution of ectoparasites and host association. The composition of species and the parasitic indexes indicated that ectoparasites communities of Rebio União small mammals do not represent imminent risk to the health to human populations living in the surroundings this Conservation Unit. In the third chapter, in a more general analysis, we study the questions about biodiversity conservation of small mammals ectoparasites based on the accumulated knowledge to the Rio de Janeiro state. Using studies carried in six geographic regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro we found a specific composition and high β-diversity among small mammals ectoparasite communities in these areas. Finally, we suggest a status of extinction vulnerability to seven small mammals ectoparasites species in the geographical area Rio de Janeiro state: three mites, one flea and three lices