Detecção de COVID-19 através da saliva e redução da carga viral de SARS-CoV-2 na saliva de pacientes com COVID-19 após uso de enxaguantes orais.

• Autor(a) principal: Guimarães, Taísa Coelho
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: [e-mail]
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/19148
• topic: Saliva; Nasopharyngeal Swab; COVID-19; Real-time RT-PCR; SARS-CoV-2; Public health; Saliva; Swab nasofaríngeo; Covid-19; Real-time RT-PCR; SARS CoV-2; Saúde pública; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ODONTOLOGIA::PERIODONTIA

COVID-19 is a viral disease related to: respiratory droplets, coughing, sneezing and aerosols, and associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by coronavirus. Thus, dental care may be a potential site of transmission of the virus. In addition, mass population testing was and is considered a key approach in combating this and other communicable diseases. Objectives: The objectives of this dissertation were (1) to evaluate and compare the results of RT-PCR tests from nasopharyngeal samples with the results of saliva, and also, (2) to evaluate the reduction of salivary viral load by oral antiseptics in patients with positive test for COVID-19. Materials and methods: In study 1, saliva and nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples were collected from 189 test subjects (N=378). In study 2, 63 subjects were recruited after testing positive for COVID-19 by RT PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The subjects were divided into five groups, which received different solutions. Group 1 (placebo) received sterile water, group 2 received 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution (H2O2), group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), group 4 received sodium hypochlorite solution 0.1% (NaClO) and group 5 received a combination of solutions (0.12% CHX + 1.5% H2O2). All subjects were asked to produce an initial saliva sample. After collecting the first sample, they used the designated mouthwash for 1 minute. Additional saliva samples were collected at three different times: immediately after rinsing, 15 minutes after rinsing and 30 minutes after rinsing. RNA extraction was performed using the Bio Gene DNA / RNA Viral Extraction kit (Bioclin®) for both purposes. The statistical program SPSS 23.0 (“Statistical Package for Social Science”) was used for data analysis. Results: In study 1, 142 subjects had an undetectable result (ND) in saliva, while 47 had a detectable result (D). Among the 142 ND, 137 (94.4%) samples obtained the same result as the nasopharyngeal swab samples, while 5 samples (3.4%) were "D". Among the 47 samples of SPN D, 35 (74.4%) showed the same result in the saliva samples. The sensitivity of the saliva test was 0.74 and the specificity was 0.97. The positive predictive value was 0.88, while the negative predictive value was 0.92. In study 2, there was a significant difference in the number of copies of SARS-Cov-2 after 30 minutes in group 2, while in group 4 there was a difference immediately after, when compared to the initial one. There were no significant differences between the experimental groups and the control group at any period. Conclusion: The detection of Sars-CoV-2 in saliva samples showed high sensitivity and specificity when compared to nasopharyngeal swabs. There were no significant differences compared to the control group.