Segurança na deglutição de pacientes disfágicos pós acidente vascular cerebral: contribuições do enfermeiro

• Autor(a) principal: Paixão, Carina Teixeira
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11220
• topic: Stroke; Dysphagia; Nursing Home; Home care; Acidente vascular cerebral; Disfagia; Enfermagem Domiciliar; Assistência domiciliar; Acidentes vasculares cerebrais - Enfermagem; Distúrbios da deglutição - Enfermagem; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

This theme is carried out aiming patients with stroke, mainly the nurses actions in the prevention of complications resulting from dysphagia after a stroke in home care. The objective was to develop the nursing actions to ensure a safe swallowing in patients with dysphagia after stroke from the data obtained from the patients users of the SAD. The research was developed in the service of home care in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro with 30 subjects. An instrument which described socio-laborious data was applied to show the presence of dysphagia and consistency of food intake by patients. Results: Seventeen patients developed dysphagia, characterized as being elderly, 76.47% were female, the mean age was about 73.6 (± 9.55). Most of them with complete basic education (76.48%) and retirees (70.59%). All the patients are hypertensive and half of them are diabetics (58.82%). Regarding to the type of stroke, all patients had ischemic stroke, 58.82% had one stroke episode and 41.18% two stroke episodes. The prevalence of dysphagia is about 57%. There is no association between age and dysphagia and its presence does not depend on the frequency of the stroke episodes. Patients with two risk factors, hypertension and diabetes have a higher prevalence of dysphagia and difficulty in swallowing the liquid food more than solid ones or both. The nurse should give guidance on the environment, the patient positioning, the materials and tools for use in food, quantity, temperature and consistency of the food. Information such as head high, dessert spoon for administration of diets with a volume of 3 to 5 ml, and the use of thickeners to generate a secure consistency in swallowing are essential to ensure the minimum complications. It is also important that the family takes part in the process of recovery of the patient. Final considerations: after the stroke, the dysphagia needs observation because it can imply on complications such as aspiration and pneumonia, which serves to guide the planning and directed nursing guidance to limit the effect of this sequel, as well as the possibility of conducting researches which may deal with what nurses can do in dysphagic patients home care in order to improve performance in activities of daily life.