Querendo fazer o que deve ser feito, mas fazendo somente o possível: o profissional de saúde frente à detecção precoce do câncer de mama

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Carolina de Mendonça Coutinho e
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11167
• topic: Breast neoplasms; Cancer early detection; Primary health care; Saúde da mulher; Neoplasias da mama; Detecção precoce de câncer; Atenção primária à saúde; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. In Brazil, most breast tumors are discovered in advanced stages, in most cases by the woman herself. Public policies reinforce detection in the early stages, which results in a better response to treatment, lower costs and a more favorable prognosis for women. The objectives of this study are: To identify the meanings attributed to breast cancer early detection by health professionals; To describe the health professionals actions on breast cancer early detection in the context of their professional performance at the Basic Health Network; and to analyze their interaction process with the breast cancer early detection from their actions in the scope of the Basic Health Network. The qualitative study, a descriptive-exploratory type, had the Symbolic Interactionism and The Grounded Theory as theoretical-methodological reference, which subsidized an interpretation of the action and relationships of health professionals in pursuit for acting on breast cancer early detection, based on the definition and interpretation of meanings attributed by them. From results, four categories emerged: Willing to early detect the nodule, reflecting on what is ideal for Women's Healthcare of and the failures of health professionals, Realizing and facing the difficulties of Primary Care for breast cancer early detection and Building the professional identity through their training and interpreting their own professional performance. It was evidenced that the health professional knows that the ideal is to detect small or impalpable nodules and understand that they do their part when requesting imaging tests, perform Clinical Breast Examination, screening groups at highest risk and guiding woman about self care. They believe that there are factors that make it difficult to perform actions that they consider to be ideal, becoming obstacles to early detection. The professional training is influential since undergraduate and postgraduate courses are not enough for all the knowledge they hope to achieve, as well as having a training based on the technocratic model, more treatment than preventive oriented, which does not prepare them for an extended perspective of health. The process of professional interaction with early detection indicated that there are elements that depend on them and others outside of their control, and although they want to do the ideal often they do only what is possible. Despite the Primary Health Care adversities, professionals must be aware about their role for health policies performance and not neglect care or transfer responsibility for their actions. The breast cancer early detection also depends on their commitment of being a good screening professional and their will to give something more.