A Venezuela contemporânea: do antineoliberalismo ao anticapitalismo? Uma formação social em disputa hegemônica

• Autor(a) principal: Baruco, Grasiela Cristina da Cunha
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14741
• topic: Venezuela; Neoliberalism; Capitalism; 21st Century Socialism; Neoliberalismo - Venezuela; Capitalismo - Venezuela; Socialismo - Séc. XXI; Venezuela - Condições econômicas; Venezuela - Política e governo; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::CIENCIA POLITICA::POLITICAS PUBLICAS

The resumption of capital accumulation in the post-crisis years of the 1970s demanded profound changes in world capitalism and essentially led to a new development strategy (as it called itself) that disputed theoretical, ideological, political and economic hegemony with keynesianism. This new neoliberal strategy (and the resulting policy prescriptions) was widely diffused in the periphery of world capitalism. However, neoliberalism proved, on the one hand, to be incapable of rekindling economic growth/ development combined with income distribution, and, on the other hand, it deepened the dependence of peripheral countries on the centers of world capitalism through the intensification of the overexploitation of labor. In that context, the end of the twentieth century established a crisis of neoliberalism (but not its defeat) that brought such policies into question and one of its consequences was the rise to power of various governments in Latin America that were elected on the wave of social discontent with its results. In Venezuela, more specifically, the design of the changes proposed for the country in the post 1999 period was a manifestation of the rejection of neoliberalism. As the historical background for understanding the conflicts that resulted in the formation of an anti-hegemonic society project in Venezuela (the hegemony of the people ) in recent years dates back to the mark of the country´s insertion in peripheral and dependent capitalism, it is possible to state that the post-1999 changes have made the transition from an anti-neoliberal project to an anti-capitalist proposal (the so-called 21st Century Socialism). However, this project is not exempt from contradictions and limits (internal and external). In that regard, the latest chapter in the historical constitution of Venezuelan society shows clear advances, led by the central role that the State assumes. By regaining effective control over oil resources to benefit the majority of the population, it promotes progress toward the consolidation of national sovereignty, social justice and also the establishment of a participatory and protagonist democracy.