Estudo em Escala Piloto de Parâmetros de Monitoramento e Operação de Biopilhas no Tratamento de Solos Contaminados por Hidrocarbonetos de Petróleo

• Autor(a) principal: Lopes, Jorge Antônio
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14284
• topic: French clayey soil; Crude oil; Bioremediation; Biostimulation; Bioaugmentation; Dynamic biopile; Static biopile; Solo franco-argiloso; Óleo cru; Biorremediação; Bioestímulo; Bioaumento; Biopilha dinâmica; Biopilha estática; Biorremediação; Solos - Remediações; Solos - Contaminação por petróleo; CNPQ::OUTROS

The objective of this investigation was to identify tools and indicators suitable for monitoring and optimizing bioremediation processes, including physical, chemical and microbiological variables defined in treatability studies of crude oil contaminated clayey soils in lab-scale and to compare bioremediation strategies, such as biostimulation and bioaugmentation carried out in lab scale dynamics and static biopiles. When three methods for extraction of petroleum hydrocarbon for chromatography analysis (Soxhlet-SOX, microwaves-MARS and accelerated solvent extraction-ASE) were compared, it was concluded that the most appropriate extraction method depends on the hydrocarbon fraction of interest (n-alkanes, RPH, UCM or PAH), the textural soil characteristics (sand, silt and clay content) and the contamination age. Among the microbiological indicators investigated (total heterotrophic microorganisms-PHT, fungi population-PF and; oil-degrading microorganism population-PDO, the last one was the best indicator for degradation of organic carbon compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbon, together with CO2 generation measured through respirometric method. Bioremediation strategies for oil-contaminated clayey soil (3% m m-1) were compared, including biostimulation (adjustment of pH, C:N:P rate and moisture) and bioaugmentation (biostimulation plus a consortium inoculum extracted from the original aged-contaminated soil, enriched and acclimatized with the crude oil as carbon source) in lab scale system simulating dynamic (microcosms) and static (bioreactors with forced aeration). The treatment which presented the highest TPH removal (32%) after 121 days was the bioaugmented static biopile (BIOA B). For PAH, the most efficient treatment method that removed 33% of PAH was the biostimulated static biopile (BIOS B). The mortality rate (%) for Eisenia andrei exposed to newly contaminated soil prepared for biostimulation (BIOS) and bioaugmentation (BIOA) treatments at day 0 as well as the treated soil in static and dynamic biopiles at different treatment times (after 24, 59 and 121 days) revealed that after 56 of E. andrei s exposition, all soils produced mortality of 100%, no matter if newly contaminated or treated (BIOS M, BIOS B, BIOA M, BIOA B). The ecotoxicity tests confirmed that bioremediation as such was incipient also from the toxicity removal viewpoint. In general terms, bioremediation of clayey soils with a complex contaminant such as crude oil raise considerable challenges, both from the soil characteristics as well as the nature of the contaminant. The processes are apparently slow and require auxiliary tools to speed up the process. In the future, it is recommended to test the use of different surfactants, particularly bio-surfactants.