Efeitos de lesão por hipóxia-isquemia pré-natal sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema motor: córtex e cerebelo

• Autor(a) principal: Machado, Tiago Savignon Cardoso
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12724
• topic: Neurophysiology; Motor system; Hypoxia-ischemia; Oligodendroglia; Neurofisiologia; Sistema motor; Hipóxia-isquqemia; Oligodendroglia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MORFOLOGIA

Infant human brains show hypomyelination, astrogliosis and impairments in cortical development after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insults. Robinson and colleagues, using a model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in which they clamped the uterine arteries of pregnant rats, showed astrogliosis, oligodendroglial death and axonal rupture in the offspring. In this work we evaluated the expression of 2 3 cyclic nucleotide 3 phosphodiesterase (CNPase) in motor cortex and cerebellum and the NADPHdiaphorase (NADPH-d) distribution in the cerebellum of rats submitted to this HI model. Rats in the 18th gestation day were anesthetized, the uterine horns were exposed and the four uterine arteries were clamped for 45 minutes. Sham controls had the uterine horns exposed, but no arteries were clamped. Gestation proceeded after surgery. Only full term animals were used. A third group of animals were not submitted to the surgical procedure (NM). Animals were anesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde at 9, 23 and 90 days. Coronal prosencephalus and parassagital cerebellum sections were submitted to CNPase immunohistochemistry. Additionally, parassagital cerebellum sections were submitted to NADPH-d hystochemistry. We observed a decrease in CNPase immunoreactivity in the cingulum of HI animals at all ages compared with NM and Sham animals. At P9 a lower number of CNPase+ cells in the cingulum and motor cortex of HI animals was observed. At P23 we observed a lower number of CNPase+ cells and fibers in the motor cortex and a greater number of cells in the cingulum of HI animals. A lower number of CNPase+ fibers were observed in the HI animals in the motor cortex at P90. In the cerebellum, at P9, CNPase+ fibers and cells were observed in more distal positions in the folium 1 of Sham and NM than in HI animals. The immunoreactivity to CNPase was altered in the white matter and in the fibers in the gray matter of HI animals at P23 and P90. The cerebelar white matter of HI animals showed a greater number of NADPH-d+ cells than that of control groups at both P9 and P23. At P23 the labeling was observed in the body as well as in the processes. Purkinje cells of Sham animals showed NADPH-d+ labeling in the body and dendritic arborization at folium 1, meanwhile animals of HI group did not show this labeling in the body, but the dendritic arborization had a widespread strong labeling. HI animals at P23 showed NADPHd+ cells in the molecular layer of cerebellum folia 1, 6 and 10. Sham or NM animals did not show NADPH-d+ cell in this region. This pattern was maintained up to P90. Our results showed impairments in oligodendroglial cells that may have been caused by reductions in the number of progenitors, alterations in migration patterns and/or delays in differentiation. We also showed that perinatal HI altered the distribution of NADPH-d+ cells during cerebelar development and that some alterations persist into adulthood, which suggests a permanent impairment. These alterations could lead to motor deficits in young adult HI rats, which, if present, could be used in devising new therapeutic strategies.