A Estratégia de Saúde da Família e sua proposta de (re)estruturação do modelo assistencial do SUS: a perspectiva de quem molda sua operacionalização

• Autor(a) principal: Campos, Estela Marcia Saraiva
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/4602
• topic: Unified Health System; Family Health Program; Care model; Restructuring; Sistema Único de Saúde (Brasil); Programa Saúde da Família; Modelo assistencial; Reestruturação; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

Reflecting on the implementation of health care programs/projects implies clarifying what the connections are between their formulation and guidelines and their operationalization in health care services. Therefore, this study concentrated its investigation on assessing the planning and management of local health care systems, as well as on the production of planning and health care assessment technologies. Centered on Basic Care, especially the Family Health Program (PSF), the study sought to analyze this strategy by taking into consideration the four main dimensions of restructuring that were pre-established by the Ministry of Health (MS): (re) structuring of the SUS care model; (re)structuring of demand for other levels in the system; (re)structuring of the work processes and health care practices, and (re)structuring of expenses of the SUS care model. The study defines the dimensions of (re)structuring of the care model and work processes and health care practices like those of the object under study. For this purpose, it first examines the context that shapes and conditions the operationalization of the PSF, to understand the dynamics that are presented, reproduction or restructuring of the structure. Taking Gidden s Stratification Model of the Agent (1984) as a reference, we sought, through interviews with professionals from the Family Health teams, to understand the theoretical and narrative comprehension of practices about some basic suppositions identified by the MS as potentializers of the ability to restructure the PSF, and which are operationalized by them in their day-to-day practice. The professionals in the teams studied see themselves as agents of change. And being agents of this restructuring process, they are influenced by the social structure (PSF and its principles), as well as influencing it, since they are subjects acting therein. It was possible to map out a scenario of implementation and a meaningful universe of needs that we call cognitive needs ; aspects that interact influencing the capacity or lack thereof to restructure the PSF. In relation to the capacity to (re)structure the SUS model of care, this is a time of transition between care models, in which a process, albeit a timid one, is arising to remove the center of attention from a curative approach towards an approach that seeks, albeit in a fragmented manner, to provide integral care, incorporating programmatic actions being constructed to the still predominant curative actions provided. Structural barriers located in the institutional culture of the organization of services, and consequently, of the Local Health Care Systems also hinder restructuring from the perspective of the care model. The capacity to restructure the work processes and the health care practices appears to be more incipient and less visible in the context of the teams studied. The organizational culture of the services and the accumulated experience of professionals in units organized in a traditional manner, associated with incipient processes of permanent education, make it difficult to understand new practices that potentialize a work process that presents shared development of integral therapeutic projects, as well as management mechanisms arranged using strategicsituational planning. Even being aware of the complexity involving the processes of restructuring health care models, we begin with the assumption that the capacity for restructuring as proposed by Family Health is possible because it seeks to change the health care production model, which is defined by the management methods, but also by the way health professionals perform their day-to-day work processes. Starting with this assumption, this study chose to analyze the dayto-day work processes of the Family Health team professionals. At first, the study sought to understand the context that shapes and conditions the production of health, identifying theoretical comprehension and the narrative of the practice of subjects that work in the Family Health Program on a day-today basis. The second part of the study resulted from the first, when it became clear that there was an absence of programmatic thinking in the teams work processes that would guide them in the organization of health care actions provided to their covered populations. This thinking would be directed towards dealing with health needs, contributing to reorder the practices, joining the potential and real work abilities of the teams. Thus, for health care programming proposal was developed. This proposal is anchored in the central assumption of programming; that is, in the day-to-day work of the Family Health teams. Ordered by diagnostic and normative operations, the proposal worked with the analysis of coverage of Ideal production (normative), and Real production (quantity of procedures carried out by the professional during a given period of time, officially informed) and Potential production (Typical Week of planned production).