Propostas de barreiras para o uso seguro da insulina intravenosa: contribuições da prática da enfermagem

• Autor(a) principal: Paixão, Carina Teixeira
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11148
• topic: Insulin infusion; Hypoglycemia; Nursing; Critical patient; Infusão de insulina; Hipoglicemia; Enfermagem; Paciente crítico; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

This study aims at the clinical characteristics for severe hypoglycemia in critical patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery submitted to intensive glucose control. It aims to set up a general barrier to prevent severe hypoglycemia in the critical patient using continuous insulin infusion, centered in identifying the clinical characteristics for this event by the nurse. This research seeks to contribute to insulin pharmacovigilance and to nursing care quality. It is a retrospective cohort study, with medical record analysis, developed in a surgical cardio intensive unit in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. 550 medical records were investigated from 2012 to 2013, finding a population of 168 patients who used intravenous continuous insulin infusion. Study variables were subjected to nonparametric statistical treatments and association measures. The results show that the hypoglycemia incidence rate was 8.97%, being the incidence rate of severe hypoglycemia 2.85%. Of 22 patients with severe hypoglycemia, it was noted that the majority were men (13.79%) with median age of 57 years, overweight (10.34%), hypertension (17.24%), diabetes (10.34%) and ischemic (11.20%). When evaluating the mean severity scores we found APACHE II 16.36 (4.28), SOFA 6.18 (2.17) and the mean probability of death according to the APACHE II score 10.90 (6.13). The following were found as predisposing factors for severe hypoglycemia, such as using amines (p value = 0.000000598), kidney failure (p value = 0.005744), diabetes mellitus (p value = 0.02588) and having hematocrit below 30% (p value = 0.00009559). The mean use of intravenous insulin was 13.03 (6.98) hours and had a median of 11 glucose measures. Three patients received insulin as provide by the protocol, 13 patients received more insulin, and eight patients received less insulin. The mean of offered glucose was 1.16 (0.13) g/kg. The hypoglycemic variation in patients who received more insulin was 13 mg/dl - 59 mg/dl. Among the patients who used less insulin, we see a variation of 34mg/dl - 58 mg/dl. However, the patients, who benefited from insulin according to the protocol, have a variation of 44 mg/dl 56 mg/dl. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe use on insulin infusion, we describe some specific nursing cares based on predisposing factors and on the clinical indication of each patient. It is believed that the main problem involved is the need for modern nursing to evolve in the construction and/or renovation of ways to perform their work techniques in line with the development of the new treatments provided. With this in mind, contribute to the quality of health care, obtaining better results and avoiding adverse outcomes for the patients.