Segurança do paciente na utilização de heparina sódica intravenosa: cuidados de enfermagem baseados na análise dos fatores de risco para eventos hemorrágicos

• Autor(a) principal: Camerini, Flavia Giron
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/11141
• topic: Nursing Care; Heparin; Risk Factors; Hemorrhage; Cuidados de Enfermagem; Heparina; Fatores de Risco; Hemorragia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

The objective of this study are hemorrhagic events in critical patients using continuous infusion of sodium heparin. It aims to propose general nursing care for patients who receive continuous infusion of heparin, in order to increase patient safety and reduce the occurrence of bleeding, based on risk factors. This research seeks to contribute to the pharmacovigilance of heparin and with the quality of nursing care. It is a retrospective cohort study, with chart analysis, developed in intensive and semi-intensive unit of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. 867 records of 2010 to 2011 were investigated and a population of 79 patients who made use of sodium heparin in continuous infusion were found. Study variables were subjected to nonparametric statistical treatments and measures of association. The results among patients show three diagnoses: atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis and coronary syndrome; it is also observed female predominance (58.23%) and elderly (average = 65 years old). The rate of hemorrhagic events was 21.52% and was higher when compared to other studies. It was evidenced that patients with APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time) greater than 100s has a risk of 9.29 times bigger to hemorrhagic events. All risk factors age greater than 60 years old, hypertension, APTT greater than 100s, previous use of anticoagulant and renal insufficiency present positive association with the presence of hemorrhagic event. Among patients with hemorrhagic events, 94.16% have one or more risk factors for bleeding. Bleeding events were identified in skin (47.37%) in puncture site, in the airways, the genitourinary system (15.79%) and in the gastrointestinal system (10.53%). Most of them (55%) of hemorrhagic events was classified with 2 type of BARC. In the association between the invasive device used and the type of bleeding, 100% of patients with bleeding of airways or of the gastrointestinal system using nasoenteric probe. Patient with bladder catheter indwelling (CVD) has seven times more risk of hematuria when compared with patients without CVD; patients with peripheral venous access already has less risk of bleeding from the puncture site when compared to patients with central venous access (RR = 0.74; 1.29). These associations guide nursing care and suggest the nurse to be cautious when performing these procedures in patients with sodium heparin. In variations in dosed APTT, the follow-up Protocol was analyzed and detected that, in patients with hemorrhagic events, the error rate in adjusting the infusion was larger (76.24%) when compared to patients without hemorrhagic events (39.05%). When associating the error rate of infusion with the presence of hemorrhagic event, it shows that when heparin is not adjusted according to the Protocol, increased 3.3 times the risk of hemorrhagic event. Therefore, to ensure safe use on heparin infusion, some specific nursing cares are decribed based on risk factors and on clinical indication of each patient.