Aplicação do modelo hidrológico SWMM na gestão das águas pluviais urbanas: estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Morto, Rio de Janeiro.

• Autor(a) principal: Amaral, Daniele Pereira Batista
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/10956
• topic: Environmental Engineering; Hydrologic and hydrodynamic simulation; Urban drainage; SWMM; Civil 3D; LID; LIUDD; Hidrocidades; Engenharia Ambiental; Simulação hidrológica e hidrodinâmica; Drenagem urbana; SWMM; Civil 3D; LID; LIUDD; Hidrocidades; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS

Population and urban occupation growth during 20th century, mainly in underdeveloped countries, contributed for increasing impermeable surfaces in drainage basins, leading to important impacts on urban drainage systems and associated floods. Floods cause material losses, healthy and social problems, apart of great disruptions in large city s mobility. Recently, a number of, non-conventional, conservative practices and compensatory measurements have been proposed seeking urban flood control, by lengthening hydrograph s time lag and promoting shallow rising limb. Hydrologic-hydraulic mathematical models allow the simulation of these flood control measurements, demonstrating and optimizing their location, maximizing the benefits of their application. This dissertation presents the results of the application of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to the representative and under study catchment of Morto River, with 9,41 km2 of area, located in a peri urban area, in Jacarepaguá, city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Storm and Sanitary Analysis (SSA) tool integrated to AutoCAD Civil 3D System supported the model processing. Apart of verifying the representativeness of the hydrologic-hydraulic modelling system to the physical processes in the Morto river catchment, two different scenarios were studied as means of flood control: scenario 1, involving the simulation of one retention reservoir and, scenario 2, involving the use of multiple distributed rainwater reservoirs in the lots. The resulting hydrographs were compared to the one for catchment s actual conditions. Additionally, the associated costs for each scenario were evaluated applying the official budget system of Rio Águas of Rio de Janeiro Council. It was applied the cartographic data base, climatological and hydrological data obtained in the HIDROCIDADES Project, FINEP BRUM Research Network, under which this work has been developed. The processes of generation and propagation of runoff and baseflow were modelled. During the calibration process, was performed a sensitivity analysis of the parameters, resulting as the most sensitive parameters those related to impervious areas, especially the percentage of impervious area in the basin (Ai). Manually calibration was performed, seven parameters for runoff simulation and five for baseflow were adjusted, for three events, presenting values for the coefficient of determination between 0.52 and 0.64. The difference between simulated and observed volumes varied from 0.60% to 4.96 %. Model validation was performed for an exceptional rainfall event in April 2010, which caused floods in many places in the city. In this case, the coefficient of determination was equal to 0.78 and difference in runoff volumes equal to 15 %, being identified that the main differences are in peak flows discharges. In both scenarios floods were totally controlled. It was concluded that the best cost-benefit was for scenario 2. For this scenario it was observed the best result, considering both reduction on hydrograph s peak flow discharge and increasing on time to peak. Peak flow discharge was reduced by 21,51% when compared to the simulated hydrograph for catchment s current stage. It was found a much lower cost for scenario 2, the budget was 52% less than the budget for scenario 1.