Extração e caracterização do óleo da amêndoa do fruto da amendoeira (Terminalia Catappa Linn) visando seu uso na produção do biodiesel

• Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Cleonice Maria Bastos
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1782
• topic: Óleo de amêndoas - Produção; Extração de óleo; Terminalia Catappa Linn; Biodiesel; Biomassa; Biomass; Oil extraction; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

One of the great challenges of the 21st century is the development of "clean" energy matrixes from low-cost, renewable energy sources that preserves the environment. One of the energies that can meet this need is a provenance of biomass, an example of Vegetable oils in biodiesel production. Therefore, it has studied the processes of extraction and use of vegetal oils for the production of biofuel. In these processes, inputs to meet this production, should take into account, raw materials of minor importance in food, which do not demand large areas of arable land, low cost and wide range. The almond tree (Terminalia catappa l.) - TC presents itself as a viable source in the production of biodiesel. This work evaluates the processes of mechanical extraction and solvent, and a characterization of the almond oil of the TC fruit, aiming its use in the production of biodiesel, From dry fruit. Extractions were made and evaluated by pressing and by solvent, using the solvents: hexane, ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol. The content of solvent extracted oil in the natural seed was 56% of the mass. The oil resulting from the mechanical extraction was characterized, moisture, specific mass, acidity index, viscosity, saponification index, pH and composition of fatty acids. In addition, the economical viability of the cultivation of this species on a large scale was analyzed, aiming at the yield of oil for energy purposes, in comparison to other Brazilian oleaginous plants. Regarding the efficiency of the oil extraction, a hydraulic pressing, a good satisfaction and a very close yield by the solvent method. The extraction at a pressure of 412 kgf / cm² is sufficient for the rupture of the cell, thus reaching the maximum yield limit in oil. In the solvent extraction, hexane presented better results in ethanol and methanol, the latter having a lower yield than the two solvents. And on the physicochemical characteristics of the oil, some of the properties analyzed, divergence of the laws for the production of biodiesel specified in the ANP / 2012. However, the results found in the minimum quality standards required by ANVISA / 1999. The composition of the main graffiti does not Was produced with TC presented about 60% of the unsaturated fatty acids, being a predominance of oleic acid with 32.5% and linoleic acid with 26.4%. Analysis of the economic viability of large-scale CT cultivation without oil yield for energy purposes showed that a production perspective for oil production was about 0.6 t. (T oil / ha year).