Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Silva, Leandro Almeida da
Data de Publicação: 2022
Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFAM
Texto Completo: http://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/6232
Resumo: It was presented and tested in this research work a system for simulating a 4G LTE network with focus on high-definition VoLTE calls, especially regarding the configuration of the service provider network. For this, smartphones which support IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) technology and can make VoLTE calls are used, as previously validated with SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards through tests on a real network. The tested system relies on the use of some open-source projects, such as the Kamailio server for real-time communication and signaling of messages using the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) protocol of the IMS network; and Open5GS, a C language software implementation of a fourth generation Evolved Packet Core (4G EPC), which together with a Base Transceiver Station (USRP + software srsRAN), allows the configuration of a private LTE network. The hardware used consists of programmable SIM cards; a software-defined radio device called USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) model B210, equipment for relative low-cost experimentation, whose objective is to generate the network cell, with coverage on frequency bands from 70 MHz – 6 GHz; and finally, a Linux Ubuntu machine for installation and execution of used projects and open source software. Connection tests to a private LTE network and VoLTE calls between two smartphones were carried out. The viability of the system tested in this work is confirmed by the successful tests, the relative low cost when compared to telecommunications equipment used by network operators, as well as the availability of an experimental environment for teaching and research within universities.
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spelling Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por softwareA testbed for 4G network and VoLTE call simulation using software defined radio4GLTEVoLTEIMSSIPeNode-BUSRPENGENHARIAS: ENGENHARIA ELÉTRICAE-UTRANRádio DefinidoTecnologia 4GOpen-source (Software)General Packet Radio ServiceIt was presented and tested in this research work a system for simulating a 4G LTE network with focus on high-definition VoLTE calls, especially regarding the configuration of the service provider network. For this, smartphones which support IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) technology and can make VoLTE calls are used, as previously validated with SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards through tests on a real network. The tested system relies on the use of some open-source projects, such as the Kamailio server for real-time communication and signaling of messages using the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) protocol of the IMS network; and Open5GS, a C language software implementation of a fourth generation Evolved Packet Core (4G EPC), which together with a Base Transceiver Station (USRP + software srsRAN), allows the configuration of a private LTE network. The hardware used consists of programmable SIM cards; a software-defined radio device called USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) model B210, equipment for relative low-cost experimentation, whose objective is to generate the network cell, with coverage on frequency bands from 70 MHz – 6 GHz; and finally, a Linux Ubuntu machine for installation and execution of used projects and open source software. Connection tests to a private LTE network and VoLTE calls between two smartphones were carried out. The viability of the system tested in this work is confirmed by the successful tests, the relative low cost when compared to telecommunications equipment used by network operators, as well as the availability of an experimental environment for teaching and research within universities.Foi apresentado e testado neste trabalho de pesquisa, um sistema para simulação de redes 4G LTE com foco em chamadas VoLTE de alta definição, no que diz respeito à configuração da rede fornecedora do serviço. Para isso, são utilizados smartphones que suportam a tecnologia IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) e são aptos a realizar chamadas VoLTE, conforme prévia validação com SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards locais através de testes em rede real. O sistema testado conta com a utilização de alguns projetos open source, como o servidor Kamailio para a comunicação em tempo real e sinalização de mensagens do protocolo SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) da rede IMS; e o Open5GS, uma implementação em software na linguagem C de um núcleo de rede de 4° geração Evolved Packet Core (4G EPC), que junto a uma estação rádio base, permite a configuração de uma rede privada LTE. Os hardwares utilizados consistem em SIM cards programáveis; um dispositivo de rádio programado por software chamado USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) modelo B210, equipamento para experimentação de relativo baixo custo, cuja objetivo é gerar a célula de rede, com uma cobertura de frequência dentro da banda de frequência de 70MHz a 6 GHz; e por último, uma máquina Linux Ubuntu para instalação e execução de projetos e pacotes de software open source utilizados. Foram realizados testes de conexão à uma rede privada LTE e ligações VoLTE entre dois smartphones. A viabilidade do sistema experimentado neste trabalho se comprova pelos testes bem sucedidos, o relativo baixo custo quando comparado a equipamentos de telecomunicações utilizados pelas operadoras de redes assim como, pela disponibilização de ambiente experimental para ensino e pesquisa dentro das universidades.3NãoBrasilFT - Faculdade de TecnologiaManausEngenharia Elétrica – Telecomunicações - Bacharelado - ManausCarvalho, Celso Barbosahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8269546823033896Lourenço, Ademir de Jesushttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8239482503858801Bezerra, Thiago Britohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6915300464157124https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-8893https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-8893Silva, Leandro Almeida da2022-05-20T14:14:36Z2022-05-192022-05-20T14:14:36Z2022-05-06info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/6232porABIAD, M.; KADRY, S.; IONESCU, S. 2018 4th International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology. Cost efficiency of Telecommunication Equipment - A Review, Mangalore, India, 2018. AHSON, S. A.; ILYAS, M. IP Multimedia Subsystem Handbook (IMS). 1. ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008. 560 p. ISBN 978-1-4200-6459-9. AMOEDO, D. A. et al. Vector Spectrum Analyzer using USRP and Matlab applied to Wi-Fi Signals. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW), 2021, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/ICCE-TW52618.2021.9603175. ANRITSU. Signalling Tester (Base Station Simulator), 2022. Disponível em: https://www.anritsu.com/en-us/test-measurement/products/md8475a. Acesso em: 26 abril. 2022. ANRITSU. Understanding IMS, 2013. Disponível em: https://dataedge.ie/wpcontent/uploads/2013/07/Network-Testing-Understanding-IMS.pdf. Acesso em: 15 abril. 2022. CAVALCANTI, F. R. P.; MACIEL, T. F; FREITAS JR., W. C.; SILVA, Y. C. B. Comunicação Móvel Celular. 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2018. 348 p. v. 1. ISBN 978-85-352-8042-5. DEL PERAL-ROSADO, J. A.; RAULEFS, R.; LÓPEZ-SALCEDO, J. A.; SECO-GRANADOS, G. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials. Survey of Cellular Mobile Radio Localization Methods: From 1G to 5G, Nova Iorque, v. 20, ed. 2, p. 1124-1148, 2018. ETTUS RESEARCH. USRP Hardware Driver and USRP Manual, 2022. Disponível em: https://files.ettus.com/manual/page_devices.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2022. GHOSH, A.; RATASUK, R. Essentials of LTE and LTE-A. 1. ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 264 p. ISBN 978-0-521-76870-2. IETF. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. IRONTEC S.L. Ncurses SIP Messages flow viewer, 2021. Disponível em: https://github.com/irontec/sngrep. Acesso em: 4 abril. 2022. KAMAILIO. Kamailio Documentation, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.kamailio.org/w/documentation/. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022.KERNEL DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY. Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/tuntap.html. Acesso em: 1 abril. 2022. KJ COMTECH. Datasheet: 2WAY Power Divider – PD00590, 2020. Disponível em: http://www.kjct.co.kr/eng/lib/filedownload.asp?mode=1&file=PD00590-2.pdf. Acesso em: 26 mar. 2022. KRISHNAN, R.; BABU, R. G.; KAVIYA, S.; KUMAR, N. P.; RAHUL, C.; RAMAN, S. S. IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering: A Survey. Software Defined Radio (SDR) Foundations, Technology Tradeoffs, India, n. DOI: 10.1109/ICPCSI.2017.8392204, p. 2677-2682, 2017. LEE, S. Open5GS, 2022. Disponível em: https://open5gs.org/open5gs/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2022. MELO, A. País precisa de 140 mil torres de telefonia, diz estudo. São Paulo: Econômico Valor, 2018. Disponível em: https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2018/11/21/pais-precisa-de-140- mil-torres-de-telefonia-diz-estudo.ghtml. Acesso em: 1 abr. 2022. NOLDUS, R.; OLSSON, U.; MULLIGAN, C.; FIKOURAS, I.; RYDE, A.; STILLE, M. IMS Application Developer’s Handbook: Creating and Deploying Innovative IMS Applications. 1. ed. Oxford: Elsevier, 2011. 504 p. ISBN 978-0-12-382192-8. ORACLE CORPORATION. Domain Name Service (DNS), 2022. Disponível em: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/service-domain-name-service-dns. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. ORACLE CORPORATION. mysql - the MySQL command-line tool, 2019. Disponível em: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/mysql.1.html. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. OSMOCOM. sysmoISIM-SJA2 SIM + USIM + ISIM Card, 2022. Disponível em: https://sysmocom.de/manuals/sysmousim-manual.pdf. Acesso em: 4 abril. 2022. RUSSELL, T. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Controlling Convergent Networks. 1. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. 264 p. ISBN 978-0071488525. RUSSELL, T. The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS): Session Control and Other Network Operations. 1. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. 224 p. ISBN 978-0071488532. SAMPAIO, V. F. Tecnologia Celular 4G LTE: Conhecendo o 4G. Santa Rita do Sapucaí: [s. n.], 2019. 30 p. SANTOS, A. E. Algoritmo adaptativo para melhoria de desempenho do arranjo de antenas inteligentes 5G. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2021.SAUTER, M. From GSM to LTE‐Advanced Pro and 5G: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband. 3. ed. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: Wiley, 2017. 544 p. ISBN 9781119346906. SOFTWARE RADIO SYSTEMS. srsRAN 21.10 Documentation, 2022. Disponível em: https://docs.srsran.com/en/latest/. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2022. STRATEGIC CAPITAL FUND MANAGEMENT. Cell Towers: Essential, Utility-Like Real Assets That Keep Us Connected. Washington D.C: Institute for Portfolio Alternatives, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ipa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Cell-TowersEssential_Utility-Like_Real-Assets.pdf. Acesso em: 1 abr. 2022. STÜBER, G. L. Principles of Mobile Communication. 3. ed. Atlanta: Springer, 2011. 830 p. v. 1. ISBN 978-1-4614-0364-7. SURPREETH, H. Fixed version of Kamailio IMS configuration files for basic calling, 2022. Disponível em: https://github.com/herlesupreeth/Kamailio_IMS_Config. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. VALADÃO, M. D. M.; JÚNIOR, W. S. S.; CARVALHO, C. B. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). Trends and Challenges for the Spectrum Efficiency in NOMA and MIMO based Cognitive Radio in 5G Networks, Las Vegas, n. DOI: 10.1109/ICCE50685.2021.9427695, p. 1-4, 2021. VASSEUR, J.; DUNKELS, A. Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet. 1. ed. Burlington: Elsevier, 2010. 407 p. v. 1. ISBN 978-0-12-375165-2. YACOUB, M. D. Foundations of mobile radio engineering. 1. ed. atual. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. 481 p. v. 1. ISBN 0849386772.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFAMinstname:Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)instacron:UFAM2022-05-20T14:29:05Zoai:localhost:prefix/6232Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://riu.ufam.edu.br/oai/requestopendoar:2022-05-20T14:29:05Repositório Institucional da UFAM - Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
A testbed for 4G network and VoLTE call simulation using software defined radio
title Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
spellingShingle Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
Silva, Leandro Almeida da
4G
LTE
VoLTE
IMS
SIP
eNode-B
USRP
ENGENHARIAS: ENGENHARIA ELÉTRICA
E-UTRAN
Rádio Definido
Tecnologia 4G
Open-source (Software)
General Packet Radio Service
title_short Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
title_full Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
title_fullStr Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
title_full_unstemmed Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
title_sort Plataforma de testes para simulação de rede 4G e chamada VoLTE utilizando rádio definido por software
author Silva, Leandro Almeida da
author_facet Silva, Leandro Almeida da
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Carvalho, Celso Barbosa
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269546823033896
Lourenço, Ademir de Jesus
http://lattes.cnpq.br/8239482503858801
Bezerra, Thiago Brito
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6915300464157124
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-8893
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-8893
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Silva, Leandro Almeida da
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv 4G
LTE
VoLTE
IMS
SIP
eNode-B
USRP
ENGENHARIAS: ENGENHARIA ELÉTRICA
E-UTRAN
Rádio Definido
Tecnologia 4G
Open-source (Software)
General Packet Radio Service
topic 4G
LTE
VoLTE
IMS
SIP
eNode-B
USRP
ENGENHARIAS: ENGENHARIA ELÉTRICA
E-UTRAN
Rádio Definido
Tecnologia 4G
Open-source (Software)
General Packet Radio Service
description It was presented and tested in this research work a system for simulating a 4G LTE network with focus on high-definition VoLTE calls, especially regarding the configuration of the service provider network. For this, smartphones which support IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) technology and can make VoLTE calls are used, as previously validated with SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards through tests on a real network. The tested system relies on the use of some open-source projects, such as the Kamailio server for real-time communication and signaling of messages using the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) protocol of the IMS network; and Open5GS, a C language software implementation of a fourth generation Evolved Packet Core (4G EPC), which together with a Base Transceiver Station (USRP + software srsRAN), allows the configuration of a private LTE network. The hardware used consists of programmable SIM cards; a software-defined radio device called USRP (Universal Software Radio Peripheral) model B210, equipment for relative low-cost experimentation, whose objective is to generate the network cell, with coverage on frequency bands from 70 MHz – 6 GHz; and finally, a Linux Ubuntu machine for installation and execution of used projects and open source software. Connection tests to a private LTE network and VoLTE calls between two smartphones were carried out. The viability of the system tested in this work is confirmed by the successful tests, the relative low cost when compared to telecommunications equipment used by network operators, as well as the availability of an experimental environment for teaching and research within universities.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-05-20T14:14:36Z
2022-05-19
2022-05-20T14:14:36Z
2022-05-06
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
format bachelorThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/6232
url http://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/6232
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv ABIAD, M.; KADRY, S.; IONESCU, S. 2018 4th International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology. Cost efficiency of Telecommunication Equipment - A Review, Mangalore, India, 2018. AHSON, S. A.; ILYAS, M. IP Multimedia Subsystem Handbook (IMS). 1. ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008. 560 p. ISBN 978-1-4200-6459-9. AMOEDO, D. A. et al. Vector Spectrum Analyzer using USRP and Matlab applied to Wi-Fi Signals. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW), 2021, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/ICCE-TW52618.2021.9603175. ANRITSU. Signalling Tester (Base Station Simulator), 2022. Disponível em: https://www.anritsu.com/en-us/test-measurement/products/md8475a. Acesso em: 26 abril. 2022. ANRITSU. Understanding IMS, 2013. Disponível em: https://dataedge.ie/wpcontent/uploads/2013/07/Network-Testing-Understanding-IMS.pdf. Acesso em: 15 abril. 2022. CAVALCANTI, F. R. P.; MACIEL, T. F; FREITAS JR., W. C.; SILVA, Y. C. B. Comunicação Móvel Celular. 1. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2018. 348 p. v. 1. ISBN 978-85-352-8042-5. DEL PERAL-ROSADO, J. A.; RAULEFS, R.; LÓPEZ-SALCEDO, J. A.; SECO-GRANADOS, G. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials. Survey of Cellular Mobile Radio Localization Methods: From 1G to 5G, Nova Iorque, v. 20, ed. 2, p. 1124-1148, 2018. ETTUS RESEARCH. USRP Hardware Driver and USRP Manual, 2022. Disponível em: https://files.ettus.com/manual/page_devices.html. Acesso em: 27 fev. 2022. GHOSH, A.; RATASUK, R. Essentials of LTE and LTE-A. 1. ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011. 264 p. ISBN 978-0-521-76870-2. IETF. SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. IRONTEC S.L. Ncurses SIP Messages flow viewer, 2021. Disponível em: https://github.com/irontec/sngrep. Acesso em: 4 abril. 2022. KAMAILIO. Kamailio Documentation, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.kamailio.org/w/documentation/. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022.KERNEL DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY. Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 2002. Disponível em: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/tuntap.html. Acesso em: 1 abril. 2022. KJ COMTECH. Datasheet: 2WAY Power Divider – PD00590, 2020. Disponível em: http://www.kjct.co.kr/eng/lib/filedownload.asp?mode=1&file=PD00590-2.pdf. Acesso em: 26 mar. 2022. KRISHNAN, R.; BABU, R. G.; KAVIYA, S.; KUMAR, N. P.; RAHUL, C.; RAMAN, S. S. IEEE International Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering: A Survey. Software Defined Radio (SDR) Foundations, Technology Tradeoffs, India, n. DOI: 10.1109/ICPCSI.2017.8392204, p. 2677-2682, 2017. LEE, S. Open5GS, 2022. Disponível em: https://open5gs.org/open5gs/. Acesso em: 4 mar. 2022. MELO, A. País precisa de 140 mil torres de telefonia, diz estudo. São Paulo: Econômico Valor, 2018. Disponível em: https://valor.globo.com/empresas/noticia/2018/11/21/pais-precisa-de-140- mil-torres-de-telefonia-diz-estudo.ghtml. Acesso em: 1 abr. 2022. NOLDUS, R.; OLSSON, U.; MULLIGAN, C.; FIKOURAS, I.; RYDE, A.; STILLE, M. IMS Application Developer’s Handbook: Creating and Deploying Innovative IMS Applications. 1. ed. Oxford: Elsevier, 2011. 504 p. ISBN 978-0-12-382192-8. ORACLE CORPORATION. Domain Name Service (DNS), 2022. Disponível em: https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/service-domain-name-service-dns. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. ORACLE CORPORATION. mysql - the MySQL command-line tool, 2019. Disponível em: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/mysql.1.html. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. OSMOCOM. sysmoISIM-SJA2 SIM + USIM + ISIM Card, 2022. Disponível em: https://sysmocom.de/manuals/sysmousim-manual.pdf. Acesso em: 4 abril. 2022. RUSSELL, T. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP): Controlling Convergent Networks. 1. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. 264 p. ISBN 978-0071488525. RUSSELL, T. The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS): Session Control and Other Network Operations. 1. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. 224 p. ISBN 978-0071488532. SAMPAIO, V. F. Tecnologia Celular 4G LTE: Conhecendo o 4G. Santa Rita do Sapucaí: [s. n.], 2019. 30 p. SANTOS, A. E. Algoritmo adaptativo para melhoria de desempenho do arranjo de antenas inteligentes 5G. 2021. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2021.SAUTER, M. From GSM to LTE‐Advanced Pro and 5G: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband. 3. ed. Hoboken, Nova Jersey: Wiley, 2017. 544 p. ISBN 9781119346906. SOFTWARE RADIO SYSTEMS. srsRAN 21.10 Documentation, 2022. Disponível em: https://docs.srsran.com/en/latest/. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2022. STRATEGIC CAPITAL FUND MANAGEMENT. Cell Towers: Essential, Utility-Like Real Assets That Keep Us Connected. Washington D.C: Institute for Portfolio Alternatives, 2020. Disponível em: https://www.ipa.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Cell-TowersEssential_Utility-Like_Real-Assets.pdf. Acesso em: 1 abr. 2022. STÜBER, G. L. Principles of Mobile Communication. 3. ed. Atlanta: Springer, 2011. 830 p. v. 1. ISBN 978-1-4614-0364-7. SURPREETH, H. Fixed version of Kamailio IMS configuration files for basic calling, 2022. Disponível em: https://github.com/herlesupreeth/Kamailio_IMS_Config. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2022. VALADÃO, M. D. M.; JÚNIOR, W. S. S.; CARVALHO, C. B. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). Trends and Challenges for the Spectrum Efficiency in NOMA and MIMO based Cognitive Radio in 5G Networks, Las Vegas, n. DOI: 10.1109/ICCE50685.2021.9427695, p. 1-4, 2021. VASSEUR, J.; DUNKELS, A. Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet. 1. ed. Burlington: Elsevier, 2010. 407 p. v. 1. ISBN 978-0-12-375165-2. YACOUB, M. D. Foundations of mobile radio engineering. 1. ed. atual. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. 481 p. v. 1. ISBN 0849386772.
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Brasil
FT - Faculdade de Tecnologia
Manaus
Engenharia Elétrica – Telecomunicações - Bacharelado - Manaus
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Brasil
FT - Faculdade de Tecnologia
Manaus
Engenharia Elétrica – Telecomunicações - Bacharelado - Manaus
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instname:Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)
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institution UFAM
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collection Repositório Institucional da UFAM
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da UFAM - Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv
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