Avaliação da qualidade do ar na cidade de Fortaleza-Ce: evidências baseadas nas concentrações, fontes e distribuição espacial de HPAs e seus impactos na saúde humana.

• Autor(a) principal: Santiago, Ithala Saldanha de
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/52798
• topic: Material particulado; Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos; Fontes; Risco à saúde

With the increase in urbanization there is also an increase in vehicle traffic, which is often reported as one of the main sources of air pollutants. One of the compounds from the burning of fossil fuels are Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Particulate Material (PM), compounds classified as carcinogenic to humans by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Taking into account this urban growth and the environmental and human health problems caused by these atmospheric pollutants, it is of utmost importance to study the concentration, sources and risks to human health caused by them in the Fortaleza-CE city. Thus, in order to achieve the objective of this study, collections of these air pollutants were carried out at 12 points in the City of Fortaleza among the areas of Meireles, Aldeota and Centro. The collections were carried out during the rainy and dry period of the year 2017, resulting in 24 samples of PM and PAHs. The equipment used in the collections was a high volume active sampler (HI-VOL). The PAHs associated with the MP were extracted using a Soxhlet system. Finally, PM and PAHs were quantified using a high precision scale and gas chromatography, respectively. During the rainy season (CP), the concentration of Breathable Particulate Material (MPR) ranged from 8.9 to 33.3 µg / m³, while in the dry period (PS), the MP10 concentration ranged from 17.2 to 33, 2 µg / m³. The concentrations of PAHs varied from 0.18 to 2.03 ng / m³ and from 0.14 to 0.64 ng / m³, respectively. As for the risk to human health, due to the concentration of PM10, the risk of cancer for smokers, in both periods of the year, was greater than the risk for non-smokers and in the dry season this risk increased. The cancer risk of PAHs, based on Benzo (a) Pyrene - B (a) P, for children, ranged from 1.3x10 -10 to 4.09x10 -9 in the rainy season, and from 4.5x10 -11 to 1.21x10 -9 in the dry season, and for adults it ranged from 6.8x10 -10 to 2.1x10 -8 in the rainy season and from 2.3x10 -10 to 6.3x10 -9 in the dry season, with no risk significant. As for the sources of PAHs, pyrogenic and vehicular sources were highlighted, in addition to recent sources having been reported.