Impactos da geração distribuída fotovoltaica na qualidade de energia em rede de distribuição de energia elétrica

• Autor(a) principal: Medeiros, Rafael Barreto de
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/35562
• topic: Geração distribuída; Distribuição de energia elétrica; Geração solar fotovoltaica; Qualidade de energia elétrica

The power utilities are responsible for delivering electricity to consumers. In the case of Ceará, this is under the responsibility of COELCE. The quality of the product that is delivered is supervised by the National Electric Energy Agency - ANEEL. With the implementation of the ANEEL Resolution 482/2012, establishing access conditions for micro and mini DG systems to the power grid, a growing number of these systems installed along the distribution network is expected to emerge. The connection of DG to the network may cause positive and negative impacts on the operation of the grid and power quality concerns. The goal of this study is to analyze and quantify these impacts, having the standards established by ANEEL as reference. Using PSCAD software as a simulation tool, a real feeder of the local utility, whose load profile is predominantly residential, is analyzed through different load scenarios. Different penetration levels of distributed photovoltaic generation for each scenario are proposed. Thus, the impacts of distributed generation were evaluated such as: voltage drop along the feeder, power losses, total harmonic distortion, unbalance rate and overload. The different levels of PV penetration make it possible to observe scenarios where the power flows in both directions, from substation to consumers and the opposite from consumers to substation. The work concludes from this analysis that it is possible to inject a larger level of PV power than that established by the Brazilian regulation, without overload. It required the injection of 1.6 pu of PV power to reach the capacity of the distribution transformers and 2.06 pu for the feeder capacity limit to be reached. Regarding the power quality, the limits set by PRODIST were respected even in scenarios where the load was entirely fed by DG. Nevertheless, injection of PV power caused some impacts regarding the voltage unbalance, with a 1.44% increase in unbalance factor, and the rise of voltage, which reached 1.021 pu at the farthest point from the substation.