Análise do perfil epidemiológico de pacientes no ambulatório de anemia no idoso

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Arthur Vieira
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/64386
• topic: Idoso; Anemia; Diagnóstico

Aging is a natural biological process characterized by a decline in the body's functional and physiological capabilities. In Brazil, the population is undergoing a rapid process of demographic transition. The incidence of anemia increases with advancing age, reaching a prevalence of ±17% in the elderly aged > 60 years. Anemia in the elderly becomes relevant due to the various associated consequences and complications. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile of elderly patients. This is an analytical-cross-sectional study in which 250 elderly patients with anemia were included in the Anemia Outpatient Clinic of the HUWC. Patient data were collected through interviews during the anemia outpatient clinic in the elderly from 2018 to 2021. With this information, a database was built using the REDCAP 12.0.4 platform to perform the analyses. The variables included were gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities, polypharmacy, presence of symptoms related to anemia and diagnostic tests. Statistical associations were made between the variables and the severity of anemia. The following results were obtained: 79 men and 171 women; the mean age of patients was 74.5 years; 71 patients are or have been smokers; 29 are alcoholics; 127 had symptoms of anemia; 68 reported previous blood transfusions; 98 reported polypharmacy; the mean hemoglobin was 9.4 g/dL, with 120 patients with mild anemia, 77 with moderate anemia, 24 with severe anemia and 29 with very severe anemia. In the group, 63 patients were diagnosed with anemia of chronic disease, 38 with neoplasms in the bone marrow, 38 with anemia due to nutritional causes, among others. 27 patients have anemia considered unexplained and 48 the diagnosis has not yet been concluded. In the chi-square test of independence, severity and smoking, previous transfusion and symptoms were significant, as well as age group and polypharmacy with p < 0.05. In the Kruskal-Wallis test, severity and serum iron, STI, ESR, CHCM and MCV were significant, with p≤0.05. It is concluded that the diagnosis requires the implementation of an investigation protocol of the most prevalent causes in this age group, so that the appropriate treatment is implemented, thus avoiding the negative impact of anemia in this group of patients. The database created will be of paramount importance for future research and aid in the diagnosis of patients.