Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
Texto Completo: | http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/45859 |
Resumo: | The production of biodiesel, through transesterification routes, generate a high amount of glycerol, approximately 10 m3 for every 90 m3 of the produced biodiesel. As a result of this oversupply, which exceeds the capacity of absorption of the markets, the commercial value of glycerol has been decreasing. From this scenario, the valorization of glycerol using chemical routes is being highlighted. An interesting option is glycerol ether productions, which can be used as fuel additives in diesel engines to improve the combustion efficiency, reducing soot emission and increasing cetane index. In this study, a purification route applied to residual glycerol and its valorization by etherification was evaluated. The purification process is based on five stages that compose the methodology: acidification, separation, neutralization, adsorption and ion exchange. The glycerol content was analyzed by the sodium periodate method. In order to obtain comparison parameters, the etherification reaction tests were performed using pure glycerin initially. Following the reaction parameters previously determinate, the purified glycerin was also used to produce glycerol ethers. Subsequently tests were carried out for different alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol, 3-methyl butanol (isoamylic) and 2-ethylhexanol. According to experimental design, the reaction temperature was set up to 180 °C varying the molar ratio of the alcohol/glycerol (3/1–6/1). The catalyst (Amberlyst 15®) content was adjusted to 0.5 or 1.0 g and the reaction time to 6–8 h. The reaction product was purified by liquid-liquid extraction and distillation, which occurred at varied temperatures according to the boiling points (bp) of the corresponding alcohols. The conversion and selectivity of the reactions were evaluated by Gas Chromatography (GC), and the modification of the glycerol molecular structure was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The purification process conduces to glycerol content above 98% pure. The results of the reaction planning for both the commercial and purified glycerin were similar, corroborating to the efficiency of the purification process. In terms of conversion, all the processed reactions showed values higher than 50%, but with respect to selectivity, it was noticed that the formation of the ethers showed only relevant values when using shorter chain alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol). |
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Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodieselEngenharia químicaGlicerol - PurificaçãoBiodieselTransesterificationEtherificationBiodieselGlycerolThe production of biodiesel, through transesterification routes, generate a high amount of glycerol, approximately 10 m3 for every 90 m3 of the produced biodiesel. As a result of this oversupply, which exceeds the capacity of absorption of the markets, the commercial value of glycerol has been decreasing. From this scenario, the valorization of glycerol using chemical routes is being highlighted. An interesting option is glycerol ether productions, which can be used as fuel additives in diesel engines to improve the combustion efficiency, reducing soot emission and increasing cetane index. In this study, a purification route applied to residual glycerol and its valorization by etherification was evaluated. The purification process is based on five stages that compose the methodology: acidification, separation, neutralization, adsorption and ion exchange. The glycerol content was analyzed by the sodium periodate method. In order to obtain comparison parameters, the etherification reaction tests were performed using pure glycerin initially. Following the reaction parameters previously determinate, the purified glycerin was also used to produce glycerol ethers. Subsequently tests were carried out for different alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol, 3-methyl butanol (isoamylic) and 2-ethylhexanol. According to experimental design, the reaction temperature was set up to 180 °C varying the molar ratio of the alcohol/glycerol (3/1–6/1). The catalyst (Amberlyst 15®) content was adjusted to 0.5 or 1.0 g and the reaction time to 6–8 h. The reaction product was purified by liquid-liquid extraction and distillation, which occurred at varied temperatures according to the boiling points (bp) of the corresponding alcohols. The conversion and selectivity of the reactions were evaluated by Gas Chromatography (GC), and the modification of the glycerol molecular structure was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The purification process conduces to glycerol content above 98% pure. The results of the reaction planning for both the commercial and purified glycerin were similar, corroborating to the efficiency of the purification process. In terms of conversion, all the processed reactions showed values higher than 50%, but with respect to selectivity, it was noticed that the formation of the ethers showed only relevant values when using shorter chain alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol).A produção de biodiesel, por meio de rotas de transesterificação, gera uma alta quantidade de glicerol, aproximadamente 10 m3 para cada 90 m3 produzido. Como resultado desta enorme oferta, superando a capacidade de absorção do mercado, vem ocorrendo uma queda no valor comercial do glicerol. A partir desse cenário, a valorização do mesmo por meio de rotas químicas vem sendo estudada. Uma alternativa de produção de éteres de glicerol para aplicação como aditivos de combustíveis, surge com o objetivo de melhorar a eficiência de combustão, reduzir a emissão de fuligem e aumentar o índice de cetano. Neste estudo, avaliou-se uma rota de purificação para o glicerol residual, combinado à sua valorização por eterificação. O processo de purificação foi baseado em cinco etapas, que compõem a metodologia: acidificação, separação, neutralização, adsorção e troca iônica. O teor de glicerol foi analisado pelo método do periodato de sódio. Para a reação de eterificação foram realizados testes utilizando inicialmente a glicerina comercial, para que fosse possível a obtenção de parâmetros de comparação. Posteriormente, a glicerina previamente purificada foi utilizada nas sínteses. Foram executados ensaios para diferentes álcoois: etanol, isopropanol, 3-metil butanol (isoamílico) e 2-etil hexanol, de acordo com um planejamento experimental, fixando-se a temperatura em 180 °C e variando a razão molar álcool/glicerina (3/1-6/1), carga de catalisador (Amberlyst 15®) (0,5-1,0g) e tempo reacional (6-8h). Os produtos das reações foram purificados por extração líquido-líquido e destilação sob temperaturas que variaram de acordo com os pontos de ebulição dos álcoois correspondentes. A conversão do reagente e a seletividade dos produtos foram avaliadas por Cromatografia Gasosa (CG), e a modificação da molécula por Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN). Usando o processo de purificação, foi possível obter uma pureza de glicerol superior a 98%. Observou-se que os resultados do planejamento reacional, tanto para a glicerina comercial quanto para a purificada, foram semelhantes, confirmando a eficiência do processo de purificação. Em termos de conversão, todas as reações processadas apresentaram valores superiores a 50%, com relação a seletividade notou-se que a formação dos éteres só apresentou valores relevantes quando utilizado os álcoois de cadeia mais curta (etanol e isopropanol).Luna, Francisco Murilo Tavares deLima, Ricardo José PontesSilva, Silvia Shelly Otaviano da2019-09-18T12:46:54Z2019-09-18T12:46:54Z2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfSILVA, S. S. O. da. Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel. 2019. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química)-Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019.http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/45859porreponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)instacron:UFCinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2023-05-04T16:15:03Zoai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/45859Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://www.repositorio.ufc.br/ri-oai/requestbu@ufc.br || repositorio@ufc.bropendoar:2024-09-11T18:56:18.927784Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
title |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
spellingShingle |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel Silva, Silvia Shelly Otaviano da Engenharia química Glicerol - Purificação Biodiesel Transesterification Etherification Biodiesel Glycerol |
title_short |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
title_full |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
title_fullStr |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
title_sort |
Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel |
author |
Silva, Silvia Shelly Otaviano da |
author_facet |
Silva, Silvia Shelly Otaviano da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Luna, Francisco Murilo Tavares de Lima, Ricardo José Pontes |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva, Silvia Shelly Otaviano da |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia química Glicerol - Purificação Biodiesel Transesterification Etherification Biodiesel Glycerol |
topic |
Engenharia química Glicerol - Purificação Biodiesel Transesterification Etherification Biodiesel Glycerol |
description |
The production of biodiesel, through transesterification routes, generate a high amount of glycerol, approximately 10 m3 for every 90 m3 of the produced biodiesel. As a result of this oversupply, which exceeds the capacity of absorption of the markets, the commercial value of glycerol has been decreasing. From this scenario, the valorization of glycerol using chemical routes is being highlighted. An interesting option is glycerol ether productions, which can be used as fuel additives in diesel engines to improve the combustion efficiency, reducing soot emission and increasing cetane index. In this study, a purification route applied to residual glycerol and its valorization by etherification was evaluated. The purification process is based on five stages that compose the methodology: acidification, separation, neutralization, adsorption and ion exchange. The glycerol content was analyzed by the sodium periodate method. In order to obtain comparison parameters, the etherification reaction tests were performed using pure glycerin initially. Following the reaction parameters previously determinate, the purified glycerin was also used to produce glycerol ethers. Subsequently tests were carried out for different alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol, 3-methyl butanol (isoamylic) and 2-ethylhexanol. According to experimental design, the reaction temperature was set up to 180 °C varying the molar ratio of the alcohol/glycerol (3/1–6/1). The catalyst (Amberlyst 15®) content was adjusted to 0.5 or 1.0 g and the reaction time to 6–8 h. The reaction product was purified by liquid-liquid extraction and distillation, which occurred at varied temperatures according to the boiling points (bp) of the corresponding alcohols. The conversion and selectivity of the reactions were evaluated by Gas Chromatography (GC), and the modification of the glycerol molecular structure was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The purification process conduces to glycerol content above 98% pure. The results of the reaction planning for both the commercial and purified glycerin were similar, corroborating to the efficiency of the purification process. In terms of conversion, all the processed reactions showed values higher than 50%, but with respect to selectivity, it was noticed that the formation of the ethers showed only relevant values when using shorter chain alcohols (ethanol and isopropanol). |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-09-18T12:46:54Z 2019-09-18T12:46:54Z 2019 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
SILVA, S. S. O. da. Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel. 2019. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química)-Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/45859 |
identifier_str_mv |
SILVA, S. S. O. da. Estudo do processo de purificação e eterificação do glicerol residual proveniente da indústria do biodiesel. 2019. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química)-Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2019. |
url |
http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/45859 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) instacron:UFC |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
instacron_str |
UFC |
institution |
UFC |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bu@ufc.br || repositorio@ufc.br |
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1813029004492406784 |