Impacto de veículos elétricos na operação em regime permanente de sistemas de distribuição

• Autor(a) principal: Castro, Erasmo Saraiva de
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12914
• topic: Engenharia elétrica; Veículos elétricos; Tensão elétrica - Regulação

This work aims to quantify the impact in the steady state operation of a distribution system when electric vehicles are connected. It is worth noting that the connection of them may cause significant changes in the voltage profile, in the degree of voltage unbalance and in the electrical losses of the system. In order to make this analysis, a three-phase power flow program was developed in MATLAB language. This program is based on the Ladder Iterative Technique and it contains models of overhead distribution lines, underground distribution lines, spot loads, distributed loads connected in wye and delta, step voltage regulators, capacitor banks, three-phase transformers and the model of an electric vehicle. This model allows simulation of a real electric vehicle of model Tesla Roadster, produced by Tesla Motors. The test system used in all simulations was the IEEE 13 bus. Moreover, the methodology consisted in simulate the system with the voltage regulator and without the voltage regulator under heavy load and light load conditions. The electric vehicle was connected to a specific system’s bus and it were considered that it could work as a load or as a distributed generator with or without positive sequence voltage control. Constants configurations of the electric vehicles were considered for the heavy load and light load cases. The results of the simulations reveal there was voltage violation due to the connection of electric vehicles acting as loads in the test system under heavy load conditions without voltage regulator. When they operate as generators, they can maintain the voltage unbalance under the allowed 2%, turning the system’s voltages more balanced. There were significant reductions when the electric vehicles acted as a load (71.1%) and as generator (77.5%) on the total real power losses when the system operated with voltage regulator on the substation and the electric vehicles operated with positive sequence voltage control (specified at 1,0 pu)