Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Sánchez, Edna Johana Mondragrón
Data de Publicação: 2022
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67435
Resumo: Adolescents living on the streets consider the street to be their family environment and a life context full of situations that favor social and economic exclusion. Thus, living on the street compromises their lives and their futures, being a difficult reality, but one that has been present for at least a century in Latin America. The objective is to understand the context of adolescents living on the streets in the light of the Conceptual Framework of the Social Determinants of Health. This is a mixed-methods research with a concurrent convergent approach, carried out from June 2020 to June 2021, in various locations on the street, being mainly in bus terminals, supermarkets, shopping malls, streets, squares, beaches and avenues of great flow, commercial and tourist areas. The population was composed of a heterogeneous group of adolescents living on the streets, and the sample was intentionally selected with data saturation. We highlight that the stages of the study were: submission to the ethics committee, visits to the adolescents, insertion in the field, interaction and bonding with the population, beginning of data collection, and interviews. The survey of quantitative data was conducted through the Sociodemographic Form and then, at the same time, the collection of qualitative data was started with a script of questions in the Semi-structured Interview. The analysis of quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0 for Windows. The qualitative data analysis was performed by reflecting the findings through the foundations of the Social Determinants of Health Frameworks and the aid software ATLAS.ti 9. In the results, 19 adolescents living on the streets were identified, 13 (68.4%) are between 16 and 19 years old, 11 (57.9%) are male, three (15.8%) female and 5 (26.3%) trans. As for skin color, 15 (78.9%) called themselves non-white (brown and black). Regarding origin, 14 (73.7%) were from the city of Fortaleza-CE. In relation to time on the streets, 9 (47.4%) have been on the streets for 2 to 12 years and 10 (52.6%) for 6 months. And finally, the weekly income of 10 (52.6%) adolescents is between 100 and 180 Reais, and for 9 (47.4%) it is between 200 and 300 Reais. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data gave rise to five central categories: Structural and Social Determinants in Homeless Adolescents; Experiences of Homeless Adolescents and the influence of SDH; Feelings and aspirations of Homeless Adolescents and the relationship with the SDH; Inequalities of Health of Homeless Adolescents and Pandemic Covid-19: Experiences of Adolescents on the Street. The research allowed to recognize the adolescents as social actors and subjects and to improve the ability to reflect on the context of vulnerability and risk that they live. In general, vulnerability is related to the exposure of adolescents to risk, being the result of a set of aspects not only individual, but collective, contextual, which give rise to greater susceptibility in adolescents in situations of vulnerability. For the same reason, this research is essential to highlight the real experiences of the context of adolescents in street situation in the light of the Conceptual Framework of the DSS. In conclusion, we can say that, namely, this research is related to the social and political advances associated with the importance of working with vulnerable populations, reflecting in the development of certain public policies built for adolescents living on the streets, which ensure, in the legal domain, a set of social rights, among them the right to education, health, food, work, housing, leisure, security, social security, protection to motherhood and childhood. Thus, we see the enlargement of social rights and conditions of access to health services, hence the need to create these new policies for adolescents which are focused on their social rights and strategies for the street context in order to recognize them as subjects of rights and allow their voices to be heard and one way to achieve this challenge is by conducting more research with this focus. Therefore, this research considers that actions in the field of prevention and health promotion in nursing, based on the realities of their Social Determinants of Health, are of great importance to conduct a re-signification of health care for adolescents who live in this situation. This research, above all, is established as a social action based on equity, comprehensiveness, and as a political and viable act of transformation and social justice. For this reason, this research aims to provide some nursing actions, based on the street context and the conceptual framework of the DSS for the care of adolescents living on the streets, which will form the basis for developing future policies aimed at adolescents living on the streets.
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spelling Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúdeEnfermagemAdolescentesPopulações VulneráveisPessoas em Situação de RuaDeterminantes Sociais da SaúdeAdolescents living on the streets consider the street to be their family environment and a life context full of situations that favor social and economic exclusion. Thus, living on the street compromises their lives and their futures, being a difficult reality, but one that has been present for at least a century in Latin America. The objective is to understand the context of adolescents living on the streets in the light of the Conceptual Framework of the Social Determinants of Health. This is a mixed-methods research with a concurrent convergent approach, carried out from June 2020 to June 2021, in various locations on the street, being mainly in bus terminals, supermarkets, shopping malls, streets, squares, beaches and avenues of great flow, commercial and tourist areas. The population was composed of a heterogeneous group of adolescents living on the streets, and the sample was intentionally selected with data saturation. We highlight that the stages of the study were: submission to the ethics committee, visits to the adolescents, insertion in the field, interaction and bonding with the population, beginning of data collection, and interviews. The survey of quantitative data was conducted through the Sociodemographic Form and then, at the same time, the collection of qualitative data was started with a script of questions in the Semi-structured Interview. The analysis of quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0 for Windows. The qualitative data analysis was performed by reflecting the findings through the foundations of the Social Determinants of Health Frameworks and the aid software ATLAS.ti 9. In the results, 19 adolescents living on the streets were identified, 13 (68.4%) are between 16 and 19 years old, 11 (57.9%) are male, three (15.8%) female and 5 (26.3%) trans. As for skin color, 15 (78.9%) called themselves non-white (brown and black). Regarding origin, 14 (73.7%) were from the city of Fortaleza-CE. In relation to time on the streets, 9 (47.4%) have been on the streets for 2 to 12 years and 10 (52.6%) for 6 months. And finally, the weekly income of 10 (52.6%) adolescents is between 100 and 180 Reais, and for 9 (47.4%) it is between 200 and 300 Reais. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data gave rise to five central categories: Structural and Social Determinants in Homeless Adolescents; Experiences of Homeless Adolescents and the influence of SDH; Feelings and aspirations of Homeless Adolescents and the relationship with the SDH; Inequalities of Health of Homeless Adolescents and Pandemic Covid-19: Experiences of Adolescents on the Street. The research allowed to recognize the adolescents as social actors and subjects and to improve the ability to reflect on the context of vulnerability and risk that they live. In general, vulnerability is related to the exposure of adolescents to risk, being the result of a set of aspects not only individual, but collective, contextual, which give rise to greater susceptibility in adolescents in situations of vulnerability. For the same reason, this research is essential to highlight the real experiences of the context of adolescents in street situation in the light of the Conceptual Framework of the DSS. In conclusion, we can say that, namely, this research is related to the social and political advances associated with the importance of working with vulnerable populations, reflecting in the development of certain public policies built for adolescents living on the streets, which ensure, in the legal domain, a set of social rights, among them the right to education, health, food, work, housing, leisure, security, social security, protection to motherhood and childhood. Thus, we see the enlargement of social rights and conditions of access to health services, hence the need to create these new policies for adolescents which are focused on their social rights and strategies for the street context in order to recognize them as subjects of rights and allow their voices to be heard and one way to achieve this challenge is by conducting more research with this focus. Therefore, this research considers that actions in the field of prevention and health promotion in nursing, based on the realities of their Social Determinants of Health, are of great importance to conduct a re-signification of health care for adolescents who live in this situation. This research, above all, is established as a social action based on equity, comprehensiveness, and as a political and viable act of transformation and social justice. For this reason, this research aims to provide some nursing actions, based on the street context and the conceptual framework of the DSS for the care of adolescents living on the streets, which will form the basis for developing future policies aimed at adolescents living on the streets.Os adolescentes em situação de rua consideram a rua um espaço de vida é o espaço de ambiente familiar deles e um contexto de vida repleto de situações que favorecem a exclusão social e econômica. Desse modo, o viver na rua compromete suas vidas e seus futuros, sendo uma realidade difícil, mas que está presente há pelo menos um século na América Latina. Objetiva-se compreender o contexto dos adolescentes em situação de rua à luz do Marco Conceitual dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de métodos mistos com abordagem convergente concomitante, realizada no período de junho 2020 a junho de 2021, em diversos locais da rua, sendo principalmente nos terminais de ônibus, supermercados, shoppings, ruas, praças, praias e avenidas de grande fluxo, áreas comerciais e turísticas. A população foi composta por um grupo heterogêneo de adolescentes em situação de rua, sendo a amostra selecionada de forma intencional com saturação dos dados. Destacamos que as etapas do estudo foram: submissão ao comitê de ética, visitas aos adolescentes, inserção no campo, interação e o vínculo com a população, início da coleta de dados e entrevistas. O levantamento de dados quantitativos foi conduzido por meio do Formulário Sociodemográfico e em seguida, no mesmo momento, iniciou-se a coleta de dados qualitativos com um roteiro de perguntas na Entrevista Semiestruturada. A análise dos dados quantitativos realizou-se por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 25.0 for Windows. A análise dos dados qualitativos realizou-se por meio das reflexões dos achados em meio aos fundamentos dos Marcos dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde e do auxílio software ATLAS.ti 9. Nos resultados, foram identificados 19 adolescentes em situação de rua, 13 (68,4%) estão na faixa etária entre 16 e 19 anos, sendo 11 (57,9%) homens, três (15,8%) mulheres e 5 (26,3%) trans. Quanto à cor da pele 15 (78,9%), denominaram-se não brancos (pardos e pretos). Quanto à origem, 14 (73,7%) são da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Com relação ao tempo na rua, 9 (47,4%) estão entre 2 a 12 anos na rua e 10 (52,6%) estão há 6 meses, observa-se que nenhum dos participantes esteve no período entre 6 meses a um ano. E por fim, a renda semanal de 10 (52,6%) adolescentes está entre 100 e 180 reais, e para 9 (47,4%) está entre 200 e 300 reais. As análises dos dados quantitativos e qualitativos deram origem a cinco categorias centrais: Determinantes Estruturais e Sociais no Adolescente em Situação de Rua; Experiências dos Adolescentes em Situação de rua e a influência dos DSS; Sentimentos e aspirações dos Adolescentes em Situação de Rua e a relação com os DSS; Desigualdades de Saúde dos Adolescentes em Situação de Rua e Pandemia Covid-19: Vivências dos Adolescentes na Rua. A pesquisa permitiu reconhecer os adolescentes como atores e sujeitos sociais e melhorar a capacidade de reflexão sobre o contexto de vulnerabilidade e risco que eles vivem. De forma geral, a vulnerabilidade está relacionada à exposição dos adolescentes ao risco, sendo o resultado de um conjunto de aspectos não apenas individuais, mas coletivos, contextuais, que originam maior suscetibilidade nos adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade. Pela mesma razão, esta pesquisa é essencial para evidenciar as reais vivências do contexto dos adolescentes em situação de rua à luz do Marco Conceitual dos DSS. Para concluir, podemos falar que, nomeadamente, esta investigação está relacionada aos avanços sociais e políticos associados à importância de trabalhar com populações vulneráveis, refletindo no desenvolvimento de certas políticas públicas construídas para os adolescentes em situação de rua, as quais asseguram, no domínio jurídico, um conjunto de direitos sociais, entre eles o direito à educação, à saúde, à alimentação, ao trabalho, à moradia, ao lazer, à segurança, à previdência social, proteção à maternidade e à infância. Desse modo, vê-se o alargamento dos direitos sociais e das condições de acesso aos serviços de saúde, daí a necessidade de criar estas novas políticas para os adolescentes as quais são voltadas para os seus direitos sociais e estratégias para o contexto da rua, a fim de reconhecê-los como sujeitos de direitos e possibilitar que a sua voz seja ouvida e um modo de lograr este desafio é realizando mais pesquisas com este foco. Por tanto, esta pesquisa considera-se que as ações no âmbito da prevenção e da promoção da saúde em enfermagem, baseadas nas realidades de seus Determinantes Sociais da Saúde, são de grande importância para conduzir uma ressignificação dos cuidados de saúde dos adolescentes que vivem nesta situação. Esta pesquisa, sobretudo, se estabelece como uma ação social baseada na equidade, abrangência e como um ato político e viável de transformação e justiça social. Por esta razão, esta investigação visa proporcionar algumas ações de enfermagem, baseadas no contexto da rua e no marco conceptual dos DSS para atenção dos adolescentes em situação de rua, que constituirão a base para desenvolver futuras políticas voltadas para os adolescentes em situação de rua.Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva da CostaSánchez, Edna Johana Mondragrón2022-07-26T17:37:59Z2022-07-26T17:37:59Z2022-06-23info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfSÁNCHEZ, E. J. M. Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde. 2022. 191 f. Tese (Doutorado em Enfermagem) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2022. Disponível em: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67250. Acesso em: 26/07/2022.http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67435porreponame:Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)instacron:UFCinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-07-26T18:11:24Zoai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/67435Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://www.repositorio.ufc.br/ri-oai/requestbu@ufc.br || repositorio@ufc.bropendoar:2024-09-11T18:45:58.464058Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
title Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
spellingShingle Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
Sánchez, Edna Johana Mondragrón
Enfermagem
Adolescentes
Populações Vulneráveis
Pessoas em Situação de Rua
Determinantes Sociais da Saúde
title_short Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
title_full Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
title_fullStr Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
title_full_unstemmed Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
title_sort Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde
author Sánchez, Edna Johana Mondragrón
author_facet Sánchez, Edna Johana Mondragrón
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva da Costa
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Sánchez, Edna Johana Mondragrón
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Enfermagem
Adolescentes
Populações Vulneráveis
Pessoas em Situação de Rua
Determinantes Sociais da Saúde
topic Enfermagem
Adolescentes
Populações Vulneráveis
Pessoas em Situação de Rua
Determinantes Sociais da Saúde
description Adolescents living on the streets consider the street to be their family environment and a life context full of situations that favor social and economic exclusion. Thus, living on the street compromises their lives and their futures, being a difficult reality, but one that has been present for at least a century in Latin America. The objective is to understand the context of adolescents living on the streets in the light of the Conceptual Framework of the Social Determinants of Health. This is a mixed-methods research with a concurrent convergent approach, carried out from June 2020 to June 2021, in various locations on the street, being mainly in bus terminals, supermarkets, shopping malls, streets, squares, beaches and avenues of great flow, commercial and tourist areas. The population was composed of a heterogeneous group of adolescents living on the streets, and the sample was intentionally selected with data saturation. We highlight that the stages of the study were: submission to the ethics committee, visits to the adolescents, insertion in the field, interaction and bonding with the population, beginning of data collection, and interviews. The survey of quantitative data was conducted through the Sociodemographic Form and then, at the same time, the collection of qualitative data was started with a script of questions in the Semi-structured Interview. The analysis of quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 25.0 for Windows. The qualitative data analysis was performed by reflecting the findings through the foundations of the Social Determinants of Health Frameworks and the aid software ATLAS.ti 9. In the results, 19 adolescents living on the streets were identified, 13 (68.4%) are between 16 and 19 years old, 11 (57.9%) are male, three (15.8%) female and 5 (26.3%) trans. As for skin color, 15 (78.9%) called themselves non-white (brown and black). Regarding origin, 14 (73.7%) were from the city of Fortaleza-CE. In relation to time on the streets, 9 (47.4%) have been on the streets for 2 to 12 years and 10 (52.6%) for 6 months. And finally, the weekly income of 10 (52.6%) adolescents is between 100 and 180 Reais, and for 9 (47.4%) it is between 200 and 300 Reais. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data gave rise to five central categories: Structural and Social Determinants in Homeless Adolescents; Experiences of Homeless Adolescents and the influence of SDH; Feelings and aspirations of Homeless Adolescents and the relationship with the SDH; Inequalities of Health of Homeless Adolescents and Pandemic Covid-19: Experiences of Adolescents on the Street. The research allowed to recognize the adolescents as social actors and subjects and to improve the ability to reflect on the context of vulnerability and risk that they live. In general, vulnerability is related to the exposure of adolescents to risk, being the result of a set of aspects not only individual, but collective, contextual, which give rise to greater susceptibility in adolescents in situations of vulnerability. For the same reason, this research is essential to highlight the real experiences of the context of adolescents in street situation in the light of the Conceptual Framework of the DSS. In conclusion, we can say that, namely, this research is related to the social and political advances associated with the importance of working with vulnerable populations, reflecting in the development of certain public policies built for adolescents living on the streets, which ensure, in the legal domain, a set of social rights, among them the right to education, health, food, work, housing, leisure, security, social security, protection to motherhood and childhood. Thus, we see the enlargement of social rights and conditions of access to health services, hence the need to create these new policies for adolescents which are focused on their social rights and strategies for the street context in order to recognize them as subjects of rights and allow their voices to be heard and one way to achieve this challenge is by conducting more research with this focus. Therefore, this research considers that actions in the field of prevention and health promotion in nursing, based on the realities of their Social Determinants of Health, are of great importance to conduct a re-signification of health care for adolescents who live in this situation. This research, above all, is established as a social action based on equity, comprehensiveness, and as a political and viable act of transformation and social justice. For this reason, this research aims to provide some nursing actions, based on the street context and the conceptual framework of the DSS for the care of adolescents living on the streets, which will form the basis for developing future policies aimed at adolescents living on the streets.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-07-26T17:37:59Z
2022-07-26T17:37:59Z
2022-06-23
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv SÁNCHEZ, E. J. M. Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde. 2022. 191 f. Tese (Doutorado em Enfermagem) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2022. Disponível em: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67250. Acesso em: 26/07/2022.
http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67435
identifier_str_mv SÁNCHEZ, E. J. M. Adolescentes em situação de rua: compreendendo o contexto e os determinantes sociais da saúde. 2022. 191 f. Tese (Doutorado em Enfermagem) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2022. Disponível em: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67250. Acesso em: 26/07/2022.
url http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/67435
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