Ensaios sobre desigualdade e diferenciais de rendimentos do trabalho no Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Vitor Hugo Miro Couto
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19360
• topic: Desigualdade de renda; Diferenciais de salários; Estrutura salarial; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA

The main objective of this thesis is study the earnings distribution in the labor market in Brazil and the evolution of this distribution over the recent period. Assuming that the distribution of earnings, and hence the inequality of these is basically determined by the composition of the labor force and wage structure, the three articles that make up this thesis applied different decomposition methods to evaluate how these two factors contributed to the recent changes inequality and regional wages differentials in Brazil. The first two essays explore the relationship between education and inequality of labor income. Specifically, they investigated the reduction in income inequality between 1995 and 2014, assessing how the accelerated educational expansion contributed to this process. In the first essay, the change in earnings inequality is analyzed using the method proposed by Yun (2006), which is a summary of decomposition models, Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1993) and Fields (2003) to decompose the change in variance indicator of the logarithm of wages. Article already presented in the second chapter applies the method of decomposition presented by Firpo et al. (2007) based on unconditional quantile regressions (Firpo et al., 2006 and 2009), and evaluates the change in different measures of inequality based on inter-quantiles ranges, in variance and Gini index. The application of two alternative methods of analysis reinforces some important evidence about the phenomenon in question. Invariably to what has been presented in the literature, the results show that the expansion of education of workers is the main determinant of reducing inequality of earnings. However, the decomposition methods for verifying that the most significant contribution of education to reduce inequality is through its price effect (wage structure). Different than expected, the effect amount, directly related to the change in the educational composition, presented a counter contribution to reducing income inequality in recent years. This second effect shows that, in a counterfactual scenario where returns to education had remained constant, the change in the educational composition would tend to increase income inequality. The study reported in the third chapter analyzes the regional wage differentials in Brazil. The decomposition method based on RIF regressions proposed by Firpo et al. (2007), it was used again to split the differences over the wage distribution in the Northeast and Southeast. The evidence suggests that the differences in individual characteristics largely explain the wage differential across the regions analyzed, which corroborates the hypothesis presented in the recent literature. However, the results obtained with the exercise of decomposition also attach great importance to institutional factors related to the formalization and differences in wage structure across the regions.