A influência da geração fotovoltaica no fator de potência de unidades prossumidoras: uma avaliação técnica e financeira

• Autor(a) principal: Taveira, Isabela Maciel
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/45193
• topic: Geração distribuída; Usinas Fotovoltaicas; Fator de potência; Bancos de capacitores; Capabilidade de reativos de inversores; Viabilidade financeira

With the publication of Normative Resolution Nº 482, by the National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), the connection of mico and minigenerators along the distribution lines of the Brazilian power system was allowed. Consequently, by regulating the injection of electricity into the distribution grid, the energy flow becomes bidirectional, increasing the complexity of the system operation. Therefore, discussions related to the growth of the micro and minigeneration are fundamental for guaranteeing the quality of the electric power supplied and for the reliability and safety on the operation of the electric network. Following this motivation, in this work will be evaluated the influence of micro and mini photovoltaic generators on the power factor of three different prosumers units, voltage class A4, and the impact of reactive charge on the financial viability of the projects. The analysis is based on the power factor measurements and the energy bills of this three units, before and after the connection of photovoltaic plants of 135 kW, 62 kW and 62 kW of installed power. Although they have different characteristics of energy consumption, in all cases there was reduction of the inductive power factor at the point of delivery during the energy generation schedules. This effect is due to the decrease in the demand for active power supplied by the distributors and may result in additional charges to the billing of the prosumers units. Since the acquisition of such equipment is mainly aimed at the economy with active energy, these charges and the additional investment to correct the low power factor may negatively influence the financial viability of such projects. Therefore, methodologies are proposed to mitigate the reduction of power factor, such as the use of photovoltaic inverters operating in constant power factor mode and the installation of capacitor banks. Both solutions guarantee the supply of reactive capacitive energy close to the loads, providing power factor elevation at the point of delivery and reducing the charges applied on the excess reactive consumption. The use of automatic capacitor banks installed after the photovoltaic generation is the solution that allows the supply of reactive energy according to the need of the load.