A influência da incisão para-areolar no quadrante superior externo da mama, na localização do linfonodo sentinela em modelo canino

• Autor(a) principal: Vasques, Paulo Henrique Diógenes
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7628
• topic: Neoplasias da Mama; Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela; Modelos Animais

This paper discusses the influence of para-areolar incision in the upper outer quadrant of the breast for the location of the sentinel lymph node in canine model. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)―a minimally invasive selective sampling technique highly predictive of the condition of the armpit―can spare metastasis-free patients from unnecessary axillary dissection. The high incidence of false-negative results has led many surgeons to no longer indicate SLNB to women with previous breast surgery. Some mastologists prefer to empirically inject a dye or radio-labelled marker above the border of the previous incision, though it is not always clear if the identified ganglion is in fact the sentinel lymph node. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of previous para-areolar incisions in the upper outer quadrant (UOQ) of the breast upon the identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in a canine model. The SLN was marked with Technetium-99m (99mTc) injected into the subareolar skin of the cranial breast. Once the marker had migrated to the axilla and the marked site had been identified with a gamma probe, an arcuate para-areolar incision was performed 2 cm from the nipple in the UOQ (between the 9 and 12 o’clock position on the right side, and between the 12 and 3 o’clock position on the left side). Patent blue dye was then injected above the upper border of the incision. At the marked site a minimal axillary incision was made and the SLN was identified by gamma probe and/or by direct visualization of the dye. The agreement between the two injection sites and the two SLN identification methods was determined. The experiments were carried out between January 2008 and May 2009 on a sample of 40 cranial breasts of 23 adult females of the species Canis familiaris. Using the statistics software Graphpad, the data were submitted to the McNemar test and the Kappa agreement coefficient was calculated. Our findings show that in 95% (38/40) of the breasts the SLN was identified by injection of 99mTc in the subareolar region, and that in 82% (33/40) of cases the SLN was identified by injection of patent blue dye above the upper border of the incision. Thus, the methods agreed in 82% (33/40) of cases. Previous para-areolar incisions in the UOQ of the cranial breasts did not interfere significantly with the biopsy when the dye was injected above the upper border of the incision. The lymph node identified by injection above the upper border of the previous incision corresponded to the SLN in 95% (32/33) of cases.