Regionalização de método de avaliação de escassez hídrica para subbacias produtoras de melão, coco e manga no Brasil.

• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Mateus de Alencar
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/45638
• topic: Escassez hídrica; Semiárido; Avaliação de impacto de ciclo de vida; WSI

Due to the significant increase of water scarcity around the world, several methods of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (AICV) were developed to evaluate the impacts caused by water consumption. Each method uses different criteria to calculate characterization factors (CFs), which express the level of water scarcity of a region by analyzing hydrological variables related to water demand and availability. However, it is extremely important to evaluate if these factors obtained from hydrological data from global models reflect the situation of water scarcity in regions that historically suffer from this problem, such as the Brazilian semi-arid. Thus, this work regionalized the annual and monthly Water Stress Index (WSI) proposed by Pfister (2009) and Pfister and Bayer (2014). The values obtained by the WSI calculation express the fraction of water consumed from which other users are potentially private. The regionalization of the WSI used national hydrological data provided by the National Water Agency (ANA). Regionalized FCs (WSI BRs) were generated for the State Hydrographic Units (UHEs), in which the municipalities that produced the most coconut, mango and melon (main irrigated crops in the semi-arid region) were present, that is, those municipalities that together produce 50% + 1 of all crop production. Thus, we compared the WSI FCs provided by the method with the original WSI, evaluating the residual error. In this comparison, a scale with four subdivisions was used: Low Water Stress (WSI <0.09); Medium (0.09 <WSI <0.5); High (0.5 <WSI <0.91); and Very High (0.91 <WSI <1). It was observed that the regionalized WSI yearly FCs showed a situation closer to the reality of scarcity, where 8 UHEs are grouped under the category of Very High Water Stress. The WSI FCs provided by the original method indicated that these same UHEs were in the low water stress category. The comparison of the monthly WSI FCs with the monthly WSI BR showed that the irrigation months of the evaluated crops have a higher level of water scarcity, being coco and manga perennial crops and Melon, temporary. It is concluded that the use of national data makes the characterization factors more compatible with the reality of the study area. In addition to the use of regionalized factors it also allows regionalized LCAs, with less error in the results. Thus, the regionalization of the WSI method is extremely important so that decision making by companies, politicians and researchers can be made with greater security, based on concrete data and always aiming at the country's water health.