Regionalização para o semiárido brasileiro de método de avaliação de ciclo de vida para escassez hídrica

• Autor(a) principal: Andrade, Edilene Pereira
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/30217
• topic: Saneamento; Disponibilidade hídrica; Recursos hídricos; Regiões áridas; Ciclo de vida do produto; Water scarcity; Hydrographic regions

The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a methodology developed to measure the possible environmental impacts caused as a result of the manufacture and use of a particular product or service. Life Cycle Impact Assessment is the third phase of the LCA and aims to assess the environmental significance of the inventory results through models and characterization factors contained in the IVIV methods. The AWARE Model is the one indicated by UNEP / SETAC as the main one to evaluate the Water Scarcity in the basins. The original model uses data from hydrological models, water uses, and WaterGAP basin boundaries. This model assesses the relative potential of water deprivation for both humans and ecosystems. The remaining available water per area refers to the remaining water, after human demand and the aquatic ecosystem have been subtracted from the availability of natural water in the drainage basin. The National Water Agency has its own database, with monitoring values ​​related to water demand and availability. In addition, it adopts as regionalizations the Hydrographic Regions and State Hydrographic Units (UHE), being the UHEs Atlântico Nordeste Oriental, Atlântico Leste, Parnaíba and São Francisco inserted in the Brazilian semi-arid. AWARE's original results show the semi-arid region, with little or even no shortage. In addition, the figures are not according to studies prepared by ANA. When applying the national database, the characterization factors were more in line with the reality of the region under study. The application of the national database in the AWARE Model showed greater scarcity in all the semiarid basins when compared to the original values ​​of the characterization factors. This is mainly due to the use of data from hydrological models that are often based on old values ​​and out of the region's most current reality. The use of regionalized characterization factors is important for the results to be appropriate to the region in which they are inserted. In addition, the calculation of these factors for smaller basins therefore reduces uncertainties in studies of water scarcity considering the product life cycle.