Estudo genético-quantitativo com os grupos genéticos formadores da raça Girolanda

• Autor(a) principal: Facó, Olivardo
• Data de Publicação: 2005
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17069
• topic: Avaliação genética; Cruzamentos; Dominância; Epistasia; Herdabilidade; Zootecnia

From records of genealogy and control of dairy and reproductive traits, supplied by Brazilian Association of Girolando Breeders, three studies were carried out. In the first study were investigated the effects of the treatment of lactation length information on genetic variability for milk yield in animals of several Holstein x Gir groups genetic. Estimates of (co)variance components were obtained through the method of the restricted maximum likelihood verisimilitude (REML) under animal model. The heritability estimates for milk yield were of 0.24, 0.31 and 0.27, when milk yield was adjusted by lactation length, when lactations inferior to 120 days of length were excluded and when all lactations were considered not adjusting by lactation length, respectively. It was concluded that the adjustment of milk yield by lactation length could take to mistaken practices in the comparison of Holstein x Gir genetic groups for milk yield and in the ranking of the animals by genetic merit. However, the exclusion of short lactations did not reduce the genetic variability and reduced the residual variance, contributing to the improvement of the quality of the genetic evaluations. In the second study were estimated the effects of additive difference between Holstein and Gir breeds, dominance and epistatics, for traits milk yield (PL), 305 days milk yield (PL305), lactation length (DL), calving interval (IDP), age at first calving (IPP) and milk yield by day of calving interval (PL/IDP). The estimates for the addictive genetic difference between the two breeds were significant for all the traits, except for IDP, being 3,115 ± 273 kg, 2,574 ± 226 kg, 98 ± 13 days, -236 ± 67 days and 7.5 ± 0.9 kg/day for PL, PL305, DL, IPP and PL/IDP, respectively. The dominance effects (heterotic) were also significant for all the traits, except for DL. Significant recombination loss was verified for PL and PL305. In the third study, the presence of heterogeneous variances for milk yield in Holstein x Gir crossbred cows and their consequences on animals genetic evaluations were investigated. Estimates of the components of (co)variance were obtained through the method of restricted maximum likelihood (REML) under animal model, using one-trait and three-traits models, where in the last one the milk yield from animals of the genetic groups 1/2, 5/8 and 3/4 were considered as different traits. The heritability estimate for milk yield obtained by the one-trait model was of 0.31, while for the three-traits model they were 0.19, 0.26 and 0.37 for the milk yield in the genetic groups 1/2, 5/8 and 3/4, respectively. The ranking of the animals in function of the predicted breeding values were different when were used the one-trait or three-traits models. The results shown the existence of heterogeneous variances for the lactation milk yield among the base genetic groups of Girolando Breed.