Análise do Assoreamento de um Pequeno Reservatório: Estudo de caso Açude Boqueirão, Aiuaba, CE

• Autor(a) principal: Lima, Yuri Castro Ponciano
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
• Texto Completo: http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18071
• topic: Irrigação e drenagem; Assoreamento; Eficiência de retenção; Pequena açudagem; Produção de sedimentos; Semiárido

The multiplication of the number of small reservoirs in the semiarid northeastern causes a considerable impact on water availability of medium and large river basins, thus becoming a hindrance to good management of this resource. Moreover, the small damming has an important role in the retention of sediments from the erosion of the basin, minimizing the impacts to the accumulation of sediment in strategic reservoirs, and the consequent reduction in water availability. We have analyzed the sedimentation of the Boqueirão reservoir, located in the Experimental Basin of Aiuaba - BEA, through studies of bathymetry, hydrosedimentological assessment in the watershed and characterization of the deposited material and its distribution in the reservoir. The silting of the reservoir was calculated as the difference between bathymetry of 2003 and 2009 and, by regression, we estimated the sedimentation since 1934, the time of its construction. Five trenches were made along the slope of the hydraulic basin, allowing to assess the silting of the reservoir through soil parameters. Finally, the retention efficiency of the reservoir was determined by the ratio of sedimentation estimated for the period 1934-2009 and sediment yield obtained by the hydrosedimentological model Hidrosed - 1. The sedimentation mass was calculated as 3613 t for the period of 76 years. We obtained a value of 6.5% organic matter content as the threshold between the material of original material and the silting material. According to our analysis, only 7% of the sediment yield of basin are retained in the outlet reservoir. Therefore, it is concluded that the annual volume of reservoir sedimentation is the order of 0.056%, with a reduction in the accumulation capacity of the reservoir of 4.5% since the time of its construction. It also shows the content of organic matter as a good indicator of siltation of the reservoir, as the silted assessed using the organic matter threshold (6.5%) was only 15% higher than that obtained by bathymetry. The low retention efficiency might be explained by the low volume-catchment area ratio, suggesting that much of the sediment that is produced in the basin is exported through its outlet during the extreme runoff events.